ddnet/src/base/system.cpp

/* (c) Magnus Auvinen. See licence.txt in the root of the distribution for more information. */
/* If you are missing that file, acquire a complete release at teeworlds.com.                */
#include <atomic>
#include <cctype>
#include <cmath>
#include <cstdarg>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstring>
#include <iterator> // std::size

#include "system.h"

#include "lock_scope.h"
#include "logger.h"

#include <sys/types.h>

#include <chrono>

#include <cinttypes>

#if defined(CONF_WEBSOCKETS)
#include <engine/shared/websockets.h>
#endif

#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_UNIX)
#include <csignal>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/time.h>
#include <sys/utsname.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>
#include <unistd.h>

/* unix net includes */
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <cerrno>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>

#include <dirent.h>

#if defined(CONF_PLATFORM_MACOS)
// some lock and pthread functions are already defined in headers
// included from Carbon.h
// this prevents having duplicate definitions of those
#define _lock_set_user_
#define _task_user_

#include <Carbon/Carbon.h>
#include <mach-o/dyld.h>
#include <mach/mach_time.h>
#endif

#elif defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
#define WIN32_LEAN_AND_MEAN
#undef _WIN32_WINNT
#define _WIN32_WINNT 0x0501 /* required for mingw to get getaddrinfo to work */
#include <windows.h>
#include <winsock2.h>
#include <ws2tcpip.h>

#include <errno.h>
#include <io.h>
#include <process.h>
#include <share.h>
#include <shellapi.h>
#include <wincrypt.h>
#else
#error NOT IMPLEMENTED
#endif

#if defined(CONF_PLATFORM_SOLARIS)
#include <sys/filio.h>
#endif

extern "C" {

IOHANDLE io_stdin()
{
	return (IOHANDLE)stdin;
}
IOHANDLE io_stdout() { return (IOHANDLE)stdout; }
IOHANDLE io_stderr() { return (IOHANDLE)stderr; }

IOHANDLE io_current_exe()
{
	// From https://stackoverflow.com/a/1024937.
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	wchar_t wpath[IO_MAX_PATH_LENGTH];
	char path[IO_MAX_PATH_LENGTH];
	if(!GetModuleFileNameW(NULL, wpath, std::size(wpath)))
	{
		return 0;
	}
	if(!WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wpath, -1, path, sizeof(path), NULL, NULL))
	{
		return 0;
	}
	return io_open(path, IOFLAG_READ);
#elif defined(CONF_PLATFORM_MACOS)
	char path[IO_MAX_PATH_LENGTH];
	uint32_t path_size = sizeof(path);
	if(_NSGetExecutablePath(path, &path_size))
	{
		return 0;
	}
	return io_open(path, IOFLAG_READ);
#else
	static const char *NAMES[] = {
		"/proc/self/exe", // Linux, Android
		"/proc/curproc/exe", // NetBSD
		"/proc/curproc/file", // DragonFly
	};
	for(auto &name : NAMES)
	{
		IOHANDLE result = io_open(name, IOFLAG_READ);
		if(result)
		{
			return result;
		}
	}
	return 0;
#endif
}

static NETSTATS network_stats = {0};

#define VLEN 128
#define PACKETSIZE 1400
typedef struct
{
#ifdef CONF_PLATFORM_LINUX
	int pos;
	int size;
	struct mmsghdr msgs[VLEN];
	struct iovec iovecs[VLEN];
	char bufs[VLEN][PACKETSIZE];
	char sockaddrs[VLEN][128];
#else
	char buf[PACKETSIZE];
#endif
} NETSOCKET_BUFFER;

void net_buffer_init(NETSOCKET_BUFFER *buffer);
void net_buffer_simple(NETSOCKET_BUFFER *buffer, char **buf, int *size);

struct NETSOCKET_INTERNAL
{
	int type;
	int ipv4sock;
	int ipv6sock;
	int web_ipv4sock;

	NETSOCKET_BUFFER buffer;
};
static NETSOCKET_INTERNAL invalid_socket = {NETTYPE_INVALID, -1, -1, -1};

#define AF_WEBSOCKET_INET (0xee)

std::atomic_bool dbg_assert_failing = false;

bool dbg_assert_has_failed()
{
	return dbg_assert_failing.load(std::memory_order_acquire);
}

void dbg_assert_imp(const char *filename, int line, int test, const char *msg)
{
	if(!test)
	{
		dbg_assert_failing.store(true, std::memory_order_release);
		dbg_msg("assert", "%s(%d): %s", filename, line, msg);
		log_global_logger_finish();
		dbg_break();
	}
}

void dbg_break()
{
#ifdef __GNUC__
	__builtin_trap();
#else
	abort();
#endif
}

void dbg_msg(const char *sys, const char *fmt, ...)
{
	va_list args;
	va_start(args, fmt);
	log_log_v(LEVEL_INFO, sys, fmt, args);
	va_end(args);
}

/* */

void mem_copy(void *dest, const void *source, unsigned size)
{
	memcpy(dest, source, size);
}

void mem_move(void *dest, const void *source, unsigned size)
{
	memmove(dest, source, size);
}

void mem_zero(void *block, unsigned size)
{
	memset(block, 0, size);
}

IOHANDLE io_open_impl(const char *filename, int flags)
{
	dbg_assert(flags == (IOFLAG_READ | IOFLAG_SKIP_BOM) || flags == IOFLAG_READ || flags == IOFLAG_WRITE || flags == IOFLAG_APPEND, "flags must be read, read+skipbom, write or append");
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	WCHAR wBuffer[IO_MAX_PATH_LENGTH];
	MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, filename, -1, wBuffer, std::size(wBuffer));
	if((flags & IOFLAG_READ) != 0)
		return (IOHANDLE)_wfsopen(wBuffer, L"rb", _SH_DENYNO);
	if(flags == IOFLAG_WRITE)
		return (IOHANDLE)_wfsopen(wBuffer, L"wb", _SH_DENYNO);
	if(flags == IOFLAG_APPEND)
		return (IOHANDLE)_wfsopen(wBuffer, L"ab", _SH_DENYNO);
	return 0x0;
#else
	if((flags & IOFLAG_READ) != 0)
		return (IOHANDLE)fopen(filename, "rb");
	if(flags == IOFLAG_WRITE)
		return (IOHANDLE)fopen(filename, "wb");
	if(flags == IOFLAG_APPEND)
		return (IOHANDLE)fopen(filename, "ab");
	return 0x0;
#endif
}

IOHANDLE io_open(const char *filename, int flags)
{
	IOHANDLE result = io_open_impl(filename, flags);
	unsigned char buf[3];
	if((flags & IOFLAG_SKIP_BOM) == 0 || !result)
	{
		return result;
	}
	if(io_read(result, buf, sizeof(buf)) != 3 || buf[0] != 0xef || buf[1] != 0xbb || buf[2] != 0xbf)
	{
		io_seek(result, 0, IOSEEK_START);
	}
	return result;
}

unsigned io_read(IOHANDLE io, void *buffer, unsigned size)
{
	return fread(buffer, 1, size, (FILE *)io);
}

void io_read_all(IOHANDLE io, void **result, unsigned *result_len)
{
	long signed_len = io_length(io);
	unsigned len = signed_len < 0 ? 1024 : (unsigned)signed_len; // use default initial size if we couldn't get the length
	char *buffer = (char *)malloc(len + 1);
	unsigned read = io_read(io, buffer, len + 1); // +1 to check if the file size is larger than expected
	if(read < len)
	{
		buffer = (char *)realloc(buffer, read + 1);
		len = read;
	}
	else if(read > len)
	{
		unsigned cap = 2 * read;
		len = read;
		buffer = (char *)realloc(buffer, cap);
		while((read = io_read(io, buffer + len, cap - len)) != 0)
		{
			len += read;
			if(len == cap)
			{
				cap *= 2;
				buffer = (char *)realloc(buffer, cap);
			}
		}
		buffer = (char *)realloc(buffer, len + 1);
	}
	buffer[len] = 0;
	*result = buffer;
	*result_len = len;
}

char *io_read_all_str(IOHANDLE io)
{
	void *buffer;
	unsigned len;
	io_read_all(io, &buffer, &len);
	if(mem_has_null(buffer, len))
	{
		free(buffer);
		return nullptr;
	}
	return (char *)buffer;
}

unsigned io_skip(IOHANDLE io, int size)
{
	fseek((FILE *)io, size, SEEK_CUR);
	return size;
}

int io_seek(IOHANDLE io, int offset, int origin)
{
	int real_origin;

	switch(origin)
	{
	case IOSEEK_START:
		real_origin = SEEK_SET;
		break;
	case IOSEEK_CUR:
		real_origin = SEEK_CUR;
		break;
	case IOSEEK_END:
		real_origin = SEEK_END;
		break;
	default:
		return -1;
	}

	return fseek((FILE *)io, offset, real_origin);
}

long int io_tell(IOHANDLE io)
{
	return ftell((FILE *)io);
}

long int io_length(IOHANDLE io)
{
	long int length;
	io_seek(io, 0, IOSEEK_END);
	length = io_tell(io);
	io_seek(io, 0, IOSEEK_START);
	return length;
}

int io_error(IOHANDLE io)
{
	return ferror((FILE *)io);
}

unsigned io_write(IOHANDLE io, const void *buffer, unsigned size)
{
	return fwrite(buffer, 1, size, (FILE *)io);
}

unsigned io_write_newline(IOHANDLE io)
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	return fwrite("\r\n", 1, 2, (FILE *)io);
#else
	return fwrite("\n", 1, 1, (FILE *)io);
#endif
}

int io_close(IOHANDLE io)
{
	return fclose((FILE *)io) != 0;
}

int io_flush(IOHANDLE io)
{
	return fflush((FILE *)io);
}

int io_sync(IOHANDLE io)
{
	if(io_flush(io))
	{
		return 1;
	}
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	return FlushFileBuffers((HANDLE)_get_osfhandle(_fileno((FILE *)io))) == 0;
#else
	return fsync(fileno((FILE *)io)) != 0;
#endif
}

#define ASYNC_BUFSIZE 8 * 1024
#define ASYNC_LOCAL_BUFSIZE 64 * 1024

// TODO: Use Thread Safety Analysis when this file is converted to C++
struct ASYNCIO
{
	LOCK lock;
	IOHANDLE io;
	SEMAPHORE sphore;
	void *thread;

	unsigned char *buffer;
	unsigned int buffer_size;
	unsigned int read_pos;
	unsigned int write_pos;

	int error;
	unsigned char finish;
	unsigned char refcount;
};

enum
{
	ASYNCIO_RUNNING,
	ASYNCIO_CLOSE,
	ASYNCIO_EXIT,
};

struct BUFFERS
{
	unsigned char *buf1;
	unsigned int len1;
	unsigned char *buf2;
	unsigned int len2;
};

static void buffer_ptrs(ASYNCIO *aio, struct BUFFERS *buffers)
{
	mem_zero(buffers, sizeof(*buffers));
	if(aio->read_pos < aio->write_pos)
	{
		buffers->buf1 = aio->buffer + aio->read_pos;
		buffers->len1 = aio->write_pos - aio->read_pos;
	}
	else if(aio->read_pos > aio->write_pos)
	{
		buffers->buf1 = aio->buffer + aio->read_pos;
		buffers->len1 = aio->buffer_size - aio->read_pos;
		buffers->buf2 = aio->buffer;
		buffers->len2 = aio->write_pos;
	}
}

static void aio_handle_free_and_unlock(ASYNCIO *aio) RELEASE(aio->lock)
{
	int do_free;
	aio->refcount--;

	do_free = aio->refcount == 0;
	lock_unlock(aio->lock);
	if(do_free)
	{
		free(aio->buffer);
		sphore_destroy(&aio->sphore);
		lock_destroy(aio->lock);
		free(aio);
	}
}

static void aio_thread(void *user)
{
	ASYNCIO *aio = (ASYNCIO *)user;

	lock_wait(aio->lock);
	while(true)
	{
		struct BUFFERS buffers;
		int result_io_error;
		unsigned char local_buffer[ASYNC_LOCAL_BUFSIZE];
		unsigned int local_buffer_len = 0;

		if(aio->read_pos == aio->write_pos)
		{
			if(aio->finish != ASYNCIO_RUNNING)
			{
				if(aio->finish == ASYNCIO_CLOSE)
				{
					io_close(aio->io);
				}
				aio_handle_free_and_unlock(aio);
				break;
			}
			lock_unlock(aio->lock);
			sphore_wait(&aio->sphore);
			lock_wait(aio->lock);
			continue;
		}

		buffer_ptrs(aio, &buffers);
		if(buffers.buf1)
		{
			if(buffers.len1 > sizeof(local_buffer) - local_buffer_len)
			{
				buffers.len1 = sizeof(local_buffer) - local_buffer_len;
			}
			mem_copy(local_buffer + local_buffer_len, buffers.buf1, buffers.len1);
			local_buffer_len += buffers.len1;
			if(buffers.buf2)
			{
				if(buffers.len2 > sizeof(local_buffer) - local_buffer_len)
				{
					buffers.len2 = sizeof(local_buffer) - local_buffer_len;
				}
				mem_copy(local_buffer + local_buffer_len, buffers.buf2, buffers.len2);
				local_buffer_len += buffers.len2;
			}
		}
		aio->read_pos = (aio->read_pos + buffers.len1 + buffers.len2) % aio->buffer_size;
		lock_unlock(aio->lock);

		io_write(aio->io, local_buffer, local_buffer_len);
		io_flush(aio->io);
		result_io_error = io_error(aio->io);

		lock_wait(aio->lock);
		aio->error = result_io_error;
	}
}

ASYNCIO *aio_new(IOHANDLE io)
{
	ASYNCIO *aio = (ASYNCIO *)malloc(sizeof(*aio));
	if(!aio)
	{
		return 0;
	}
	aio->io = io;
	aio->lock = lock_create();
	sphore_init(&aio->sphore);
	aio->thread = 0;

	aio->buffer = (unsigned char *)malloc(ASYNC_BUFSIZE);
	if(!aio->buffer)
	{
		sphore_destroy(&aio->sphore);
		lock_destroy(aio->lock);
		free(aio);
		return 0;
	}
	aio->buffer_size = ASYNC_BUFSIZE;
	aio->read_pos = 0;
	aio->write_pos = 0;
	aio->error = 0;
	aio->finish = ASYNCIO_RUNNING;
	aio->refcount = 2;

	aio->thread = thread_init(aio_thread, aio, "aio");
	if(!aio->thread)
	{
		free(aio->buffer);
		sphore_destroy(&aio->sphore);
		lock_destroy(aio->lock);
		free(aio);
		return 0;
	}
	return aio;
}

static unsigned int buffer_len(ASYNCIO *aio)
{
	if(aio->write_pos >= aio->read_pos)
	{
		return aio->write_pos - aio->read_pos;
	}
	else
	{
		return aio->buffer_size + aio->write_pos - aio->read_pos;
	}
}

static unsigned int next_buffer_size(unsigned int cur_size, unsigned int need_size)
{
	while(cur_size < need_size)
	{
		cur_size *= 2;
	}
	return cur_size;
}

void aio_lock(ASYNCIO *aio) ACQUIRE(aio->lock)
{
	lock_wait(aio->lock);
}

void aio_unlock(ASYNCIO *aio) RELEASE(aio->lock)
{
	lock_unlock(aio->lock);
	sphore_signal(&aio->sphore);
}

void aio_write_unlocked(ASYNCIO *aio, const void *buffer, unsigned size)
{
	unsigned int remaining;
	remaining = aio->buffer_size - buffer_len(aio);

	// Don't allow full queue to distinguish between empty and full queue.
	if(size < remaining)
	{
		unsigned int remaining_contiguous = aio->buffer_size - aio->write_pos;
		if(size > remaining_contiguous)
		{
			mem_copy(aio->buffer + aio->write_pos, buffer, remaining_contiguous);
			size -= remaining_contiguous;
			buffer = ((unsigned char *)buffer) + remaining_contiguous;
			aio->write_pos = 0;
		}
		mem_copy(aio->buffer + aio->write_pos, buffer, size);
		aio->write_pos = (aio->write_pos + size) % aio->buffer_size;
	}
	else
	{
		// Add 1 so the new buffer isn't completely filled.
		unsigned int new_written = buffer_len(aio) + size + 1;
		unsigned int next_size = next_buffer_size(aio->buffer_size, new_written);
		unsigned int next_len = 0;
		unsigned char *next_buffer = (unsigned char *)malloc(next_size);

		struct BUFFERS buffers;
		buffer_ptrs(aio, &buffers);
		if(buffers.buf1)
		{
			mem_copy(next_buffer + next_len, buffers.buf1, buffers.len1);
			next_len += buffers.len1;
			if(buffers.buf2)
			{
				mem_copy(next_buffer + next_len, buffers.buf2, buffers.len2);
				next_len += buffers.len2;
			}
		}
		mem_copy(next_buffer + next_len, buffer, size);
		next_len += size;

		free(aio->buffer);
		aio->buffer = next_buffer;
		aio->buffer_size = next_size;
		aio->read_pos = 0;
		aio->write_pos = next_len;
	}
}

void aio_write(ASYNCIO *aio, const void *buffer, unsigned size)
{
	aio_lock(aio);
	aio_write_unlocked(aio, buffer, size);
	aio_unlock(aio);
}

void aio_write_newline_unlocked(ASYNCIO *aio)
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	aio_write_unlocked(aio, "\r\n", 2);
#else
	aio_write_unlocked(aio, "\n", 1);
#endif
}

void aio_write_newline(ASYNCIO *aio)
{
	aio_lock(aio);
	aio_write_newline_unlocked(aio);
	aio_unlock(aio);
}

int aio_error(ASYNCIO *aio)
{
	CLockScope ls(aio->lock);
	return aio->error;
}

void aio_free(ASYNCIO *aio)
{
	lock_wait(aio->lock);
	if(aio->thread)
	{
		thread_detach(aio->thread);
		aio->thread = 0;
	}
	aio_handle_free_and_unlock(aio);
}

void aio_close(ASYNCIO *aio)
{
	{
		CLockScope ls(aio->lock);
		aio->finish = ASYNCIO_CLOSE;
	}
	sphore_signal(&aio->sphore);
}

void aio_wait(ASYNCIO *aio)
{
	void *thread;
	{
		CLockScope ls(aio->lock);
		thread = aio->thread;
		aio->thread = 0;
		if(aio->finish == ASYNCIO_RUNNING)
		{
			aio->finish = ASYNCIO_EXIT;
		}
	}
	sphore_signal(&aio->sphore);
	thread_wait(thread);
}

struct THREAD_RUN
{
	void (*threadfunc)(void *);
	void *u;
};

#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_UNIX)
static void *thread_run(void *user)
#elif defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
static unsigned long __stdcall thread_run(void *user)
#else
#error not implemented
#endif
{
	struct THREAD_RUN *data = (THREAD_RUN *)user;
	void (*threadfunc)(void *) = data->threadfunc;
	void *u = data->u;
	free(data);
	threadfunc(u);
	return 0;
}

void *thread_init(void (*threadfunc)(void *), void *u, const char *name)
{
	struct THREAD_RUN *data = (THREAD_RUN *)malloc(sizeof(*data));
	data->threadfunc = threadfunc;
	data->u = u;
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_UNIX)
	{
		pthread_t id;
		pthread_attr_t attr;
		pthread_attr_init(&attr);
#if defined(CONF_PLATFORM_MACOS)
		pthread_attr_set_qos_class_np(&attr, QOS_CLASS_USER_INTERACTIVE, 0);
#endif
		int result = pthread_create(&id, &attr, thread_run, data);
		if(result != 0)
		{
			dbg_msg("thread", "creating %s thread failed: %d", name, result);
			return 0;
		}
		return (void *)id;
	}
#elif defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	return CreateThread(NULL, 0, thread_run, data, 0, NULL);
#else
#error not implemented
#endif
}

void thread_wait(void *thread)
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_UNIX)
	int result = pthread_join((pthread_t)thread, NULL);
	if(result != 0)
		dbg_msg("thread", "!! %d", result);
#elif defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	WaitForSingleObject((HANDLE)thread, INFINITE);
	CloseHandle(thread);
#else
#error not implemented
#endif
}

void thread_yield()
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_UNIX)
	int result = sched_yield();
	if(result != 0)
		dbg_msg("thread", "yield failed: %d", errno);
#elif defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	Sleep(0);
#else
#error not implemented
#endif
}

void thread_detach(void *thread)
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_UNIX)
	int result = pthread_detach((pthread_t)(thread));
	if(result != 0)
		dbg_msg("thread", "detach failed: %d", result);
#elif defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	CloseHandle(thread);
#else
#error not implemented
#endif
}

void *thread_init_and_detach(void (*threadfunc)(void *), void *u, const char *name)
{
	void *thread = thread_init(threadfunc, u, name);
	if(thread)
		thread_detach(thread);
	return thread;
}

#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_UNIX)
typedef pthread_mutex_t LOCKINTERNAL;
#elif defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
typedef CRITICAL_SECTION LOCKINTERNAL;
#else
#error not implemented on this platform
#endif

LOCK lock_create()
{
	LOCKINTERNAL *lock = (LOCKINTERNAL *)malloc(sizeof(*lock));
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_UNIX)
	int result;
#endif

	if(!lock)
		return 0;

#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_UNIX)
	result = pthread_mutex_init(lock, 0x0);
	if(result != 0)
	{
		dbg_msg("lock", "init failed: %d", result);
		free(lock);
		return 0;
	}
#elif defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	InitializeCriticalSection((LPCRITICAL_SECTION)lock);
#else
#error not implemented on this platform
#endif
	return (LOCK)lock;
}

void lock_destroy(LOCK lock)
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_UNIX)
	int result = pthread_mutex_destroy((LOCKINTERNAL *)lock);
	if(result != 0)
		dbg_msg("lock", "destroy failed: %d", result);
#elif defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	DeleteCriticalSection((LPCRITICAL_SECTION)lock);
#else
#error not implemented on this platform
#endif
	free(lock);
}

int lock_trylock(LOCK lock)
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_UNIX)
	return pthread_mutex_trylock((LOCKINTERNAL *)lock);
#elif defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	return !TryEnterCriticalSection((LPCRITICAL_SECTION)lock);
#else
#error not implemented on this platform
#endif
}

#ifdef __clang__
#pragma clang diagnostic push
#pragma clang diagnostic ignored "-Wthread-safety-analysis"
#endif
void lock_wait(LOCK lock)
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_UNIX)
	int result = pthread_mutex_lock((LOCKINTERNAL *)lock);
	if(result != 0)
		dbg_msg("lock", "lock failed: %d", result);
#elif defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	EnterCriticalSection((LPCRITICAL_SECTION)lock);
#else
#error not implemented on this platform
#endif
}

void lock_unlock(LOCK lock)
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_UNIX)
	int result = pthread_mutex_unlock((LOCKINTERNAL *)lock);
	if(result != 0)
		dbg_msg("lock", "unlock failed: %d", result);
#elif defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	LeaveCriticalSection((LPCRITICAL_SECTION)lock);
#else
#error not implemented on this platform
#endif
}
#ifdef __clang__
#pragma clang diagnostic pop
#endif

#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
void sphore_init(SEMAPHORE *sem)
{
	*sem = CreateSemaphore(0, 0, 10000, 0);
}
void sphore_wait(SEMAPHORE *sem) { WaitForSingleObject((HANDLE)*sem, INFINITE); }
void sphore_signal(SEMAPHORE *sem) { ReleaseSemaphore((HANDLE)*sem, 1, NULL); }
void sphore_destroy(SEMAPHORE *sem) { CloseHandle((HANDLE)*sem); }
#elif defined(CONF_PLATFORM_MACOS)
void sphore_init(SEMAPHORE *sem)
{
	char aBuf[64];
	str_format(aBuf, sizeof(aBuf), "/%d-ddnet.tw-%p", pid(), (void *)sem);
	*sem = sem_open(aBuf, O_CREAT | O_EXCL, S_IRWXU | S_IRWXG, 0);
}
void sphore_wait(SEMAPHORE *sem) { sem_wait(*sem); }
void sphore_signal(SEMAPHORE *sem) { sem_post(*sem); }
void sphore_destroy(SEMAPHORE *sem)
{
	char aBuf[64];
	sem_close(*sem);
	str_format(aBuf, sizeof(aBuf), "/%d-ddnet.tw-%p", pid(), (void *)sem);
	sem_unlink(aBuf);
}
#elif defined(CONF_FAMILY_UNIX)
void sphore_init(SEMAPHORE *sem)
{
	if(sem_init(sem, 0, 0) != 0)
		dbg_msg("sphore", "init failed: %d", errno);
}

void sphore_wait(SEMAPHORE *sem)
{
	if(sem_wait(sem) != 0)
		dbg_msg("sphore", "wait failed: %d", errno);
}

void sphore_signal(SEMAPHORE *sem)
{
	if(sem_post(sem) != 0)
		dbg_msg("sphore", "post failed: %d", errno);
}
void sphore_destroy(SEMAPHORE *sem)
{
	if(sem_destroy(sem) != 0)
		dbg_msg("sphore", "destroy failed: %d", errno);
}
#endif

static int new_tick = -1;

void set_new_tick()
{
	new_tick = 1;
}

/* -----  time ----- */
static_assert(std::chrono::steady_clock::is_steady, "Compiler does not support steady clocks, it might be out of date.");
static_assert(std::chrono::steady_clock::period::den / std::chrono::steady_clock::period::num >= 1000000000, "Compiler has a bad timer precision and might be out of date.");
static const std::chrono::time_point<std::chrono::steady_clock> tw_start_time = std::chrono::steady_clock::now();

int64_t time_get_impl()
{
	return std::chrono::duration_cast<std::chrono::nanoseconds>(std::chrono::steady_clock::now() - tw_start_time).count();
}

int64_t time_get()
{
	static int64_t last = 0;
	if(new_tick == 0)
		return last;
	if(new_tick != -1)
		new_tick = 0;

	last = time_get_impl();
	return last;
}

int64_t time_freq()
{
	using namespace std::chrono_literals;
	return std::chrono::nanoseconds(1s).count();
}

/* -----  network ----- */
static void netaddr_to_sockaddr_in(const NETADDR *src, struct sockaddr_in *dest)
{
	mem_zero(dest, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
	if(src->type != NETTYPE_IPV4 && src->type != NETTYPE_WEBSOCKET_IPV4)
	{
		dbg_msg("system", "couldn't convert NETADDR of type %d to ipv4", src->type);
		return;
	}

	dest->sin_family = AF_INET;
	dest->sin_port = htons(src->port);
	mem_copy(&dest->sin_addr.s_addr, src->ip, 4);
}

static void netaddr_to_sockaddr_in6(const NETADDR *src, struct sockaddr_in6 *dest)
{
	mem_zero(dest, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6));
	if(src->type != NETTYPE_IPV6)
	{
		dbg_msg("system", "couldn't not convert NETADDR of type %d to ipv6", src->type);
		return;
	}

	dest->sin6_family = AF_INET6;
	dest->sin6_port = htons(src->port);
	mem_copy(&dest->sin6_addr.s6_addr, src->ip, 16);
}

static void sockaddr_to_netaddr(const struct sockaddr *src, NETADDR *dst)
{
	// Filled by accept, clang-analyzer probably can't tell because of the
	// (struct sockaddr *) cast.
	if(src->sa_family == AF_INET) // NOLINT(clang-analyzer-core.UndefinedBinaryOperatorResult)
	{
		mem_zero(dst, sizeof(NETADDR));
		dst->type = NETTYPE_IPV4;
		dst->port = htons(((struct sockaddr_in *)src)->sin_port);
		mem_copy(dst->ip, &((struct sockaddr_in *)src)->sin_addr.s_addr, 4);
	}
	else if(src->sa_family == AF_WEBSOCKET_INET)
	{
		mem_zero(dst, sizeof(NETADDR));
		dst->type = NETTYPE_WEBSOCKET_IPV4;
		dst->port = htons(((struct sockaddr_in *)src)->sin_port);
		mem_copy(dst->ip, &((struct sockaddr_in *)src)->sin_addr.s_addr, 4);
	}
	else if(src->sa_family == AF_INET6)
	{
		mem_zero(dst, sizeof(NETADDR));
		dst->type = NETTYPE_IPV6;
		dst->port = htons(((struct sockaddr_in6 *)src)->sin6_port);
		mem_copy(dst->ip, &((struct sockaddr_in6 *)src)->sin6_addr.s6_addr, 16);
	}
	else
	{
		mem_zero(dst, sizeof(struct sockaddr));
		dbg_msg("system", "couldn't convert sockaddr of family %d", src->sa_family);
	}
}

int net_addr_comp(const NETADDR *a, const NETADDR *b)
{
	return mem_comp(a, b, sizeof(NETADDR));
}

int net_addr_comp_noport(const NETADDR *a, const NETADDR *b)
{
	NETADDR ta = *a, tb = *b;
	ta.port = tb.port = 0;

	return net_addr_comp(&ta, &tb);
}

void net_addr_str_v6(const unsigned short ip[8], int port, char *buffer, int buffer_size)
{
	int longest_seq_len = 0;
	int longest_seq_start = -1;
	int w = 0;
	int i;
	{
		int seq_len = 0;
		int seq_start = -1;
		// Determine longest sequence of zeros.
		for(i = 0; i < 8 + 1; i++)
		{
			if(seq_start != -1)
			{
				if(i == 8 || ip[i] != 0)
				{
					if(longest_seq_len < seq_len)
					{
						longest_seq_len = seq_len;
						longest_seq_start = seq_start;
					}
					seq_len = 0;
					seq_start = -1;
				}
				else
				{
					seq_len += 1;
				}
			}
			else
			{
				if(i != 8 && ip[i] == 0)
				{
					seq_start = i;
					seq_len = 1;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	if(longest_seq_len <= 1)
	{
		longest_seq_len = 0;
		longest_seq_start = -1;
	}
	w += str_format(buffer + w, buffer_size - w, "[");
	for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
	{
		if(longest_seq_start <= i && i < longest_seq_start + longest_seq_len)
		{
			if(i == longest_seq_start)
			{
				w += str_format(buffer + w, buffer_size - w, "::");
			}
		}
		else
		{
			const char *colon = (i == 0 || i == longest_seq_start + longest_seq_len) ? "" : ":";
			w += str_format(buffer + w, buffer_size - w, "%s%x", colon, ip[i]);
		}
	}
	w += str_format(buffer + w, buffer_size - w, "]");
	if(port >= 0)
	{
		str_format(buffer + w, buffer_size - w, ":%d", port);
	}
}

void net_addr_str(const NETADDR *addr, char *string, int max_length, int add_port)
{
	if(addr->type == NETTYPE_IPV4 || addr->type == NETTYPE_WEBSOCKET_IPV4)
	{
		if(add_port != 0)
			str_format(string, max_length, "%d.%d.%d.%d:%d", addr->ip[0], addr->ip[1], addr->ip[2], addr->ip[3], addr->port);
		else
			str_format(string, max_length, "%d.%d.%d.%d", addr->ip[0], addr->ip[1], addr->ip[2], addr->ip[3]);
	}
	else if(addr->type == NETTYPE_IPV6)
	{
		int port = -1;
		unsigned short ip[8];
		int i;
		if(add_port)
		{
			port = addr->port;
		}
		for(i = 0; i < 8; i++)
		{
			ip[i] = (addr->ip[i * 2] << 8) | (addr->ip[i * 2 + 1]);
		}
		net_addr_str_v6(ip, port, string, max_length);
	}
	else
		str_format(string, max_length, "unknown type %d", addr->type);
}

static int priv_net_extract(const char *hostname, char *host, int max_host, int *port)
{
	int i;

	*port = 0;
	host[0] = 0;

	if(hostname[0] == '[')
	{
		// ipv6 mode
		for(i = 1; i < max_host && hostname[i] && hostname[i] != ']'; i++)
			host[i - 1] = hostname[i];
		host[i - 1] = 0;
		if(hostname[i] != ']') // malformatted
			return -1;

		i++;
		if(hostname[i] == ':')
			*port = atol(hostname + i + 1);
	}
	else
	{
		// generic mode (ipv4, hostname etc)
		for(i = 0; i < max_host - 1 && hostname[i] && hostname[i] != ':'; i++)
			host[i] = hostname[i];
		host[i] = 0;

		if(hostname[i] == ':')
			*port = atol(hostname + i + 1);
	}

	return 0;
}

int net_host_lookup(const char *hostname, NETADDR *addr, int types)
{
	struct addrinfo hints;
	struct addrinfo *result = NULL;
	int e;
	char host[256];
	int port = 0;

	if(priv_net_extract(hostname, host, sizeof(host), &port))
		return -1;

	dbg_msg("host_lookup", "host='%s' port=%d %d", host, port, types);

	mem_zero(&hints, sizeof(hints));

	hints.ai_family = AF_UNSPEC;

	if(types == NETTYPE_IPV4)
		hints.ai_family = AF_INET;
	else if(types == NETTYPE_IPV6)
		hints.ai_family = AF_INET6;
#if defined(CONF_WEBSOCKETS)
	if(types & NETTYPE_WEBSOCKET_IPV4)
		hints.ai_family = AF_INET;
#endif

	e = getaddrinfo(host, NULL, &hints, &result);

	if(!result)
		return -1;

	if(e != 0)
	{
		freeaddrinfo(result);
		return -1;
	}

	sockaddr_to_netaddr(result->ai_addr, addr);
	addr->port = port;
	freeaddrinfo(result);
	return 0;
}

static int parse_int(int *out, const char **str)
{
	int i = 0;
	*out = 0;
	if(**str < '0' || **str > '9')
		return -1;

	i = **str - '0';
	(*str)++;

	while(true)
	{
		if(**str < '0' || **str > '9')
		{
			*out = i;
			return 0;
		}

		i = (i * 10) + (**str - '0');
		(*str)++;
	}

	return 0;
}

static int parse_char(char c, const char **str)
{
	if(**str != c)
		return -1;
	(*str)++;
	return 0;
}

static int parse_uint8(unsigned char *out, const char **str)
{
	int i;
	if(parse_int(&i, str) != 0)
		return -1;
	if(i < 0 || i > 0xff)
		return -1;
	*out = i;
	return 0;
}

static int parse_uint16(unsigned short *out, const char **str)
{
	int i;
	if(parse_int(&i, str) != 0)
		return -1;
	if(i < 0 || i > 0xffff)
		return -1;
	*out = i;
	return 0;
}

int net_addr_from_str(NETADDR *addr, const char *string)
{
	const char *str = string;
	mem_zero(addr, sizeof(NETADDR));

	if(str[0] == '[')
	{
		/* ipv6 */
		struct sockaddr_in6 sa6;
		char buf[128];
		int i;
		str++;
		for(i = 0; i < 127 && str[i] && str[i] != ']'; i++)
			buf[i] = str[i];
		buf[i] = 0;
		str += i;
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
		{
			int size;
			sa6.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
			size = (int)sizeof(sa6);
			if(WSAStringToAddressA(buf, AF_INET6, NULL, (struct sockaddr *)&sa6, &size) != 0)
				return -1;
		}
#else
		sa6.sin6_family = AF_INET6;

		if(inet_pton(AF_INET6, buf, &sa6.sin6_addr) != 1)
			return -1;
#endif
		sockaddr_to_netaddr((struct sockaddr *)&sa6, addr);

		if(*str == ']')
		{
			str++;
			if(*str == ':')
			{
				str++;
				if(parse_uint16(&addr->port, &str))
					return -1;
			}
			else
			{
				addr->port = 0;
			}
		}
		else
			return -1;

		return 0;
	}
	else
	{
		/* ipv4 */
		if(parse_uint8(&addr->ip[0], &str))
			return -1;
		if(parse_char('.', &str))
			return -1;
		if(parse_uint8(&addr->ip[1], &str))
			return -1;
		if(parse_char('.', &str))
			return -1;
		if(parse_uint8(&addr->ip[2], &str))
			return -1;
		if(parse_char('.', &str))
			return -1;
		if(parse_uint8(&addr->ip[3], &str))
			return -1;
		if(*str == ':')
		{
			str++;
			if(parse_uint16(&addr->port, &str))
				return -1;
		}
		if(*str != '\0')
			return -1;

		addr->type = NETTYPE_IPV4;
	}

	return 0;
}

static void priv_net_close_socket(int sock)
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	closesocket(sock);
#else
	if(close(sock) != 0)
		dbg_msg("socket", "close failed: %d", errno);
#endif
}

static int priv_net_close_all_sockets(NETSOCKET sock)
{
	/* close down ipv4 */
	if(sock->ipv4sock >= 0)
	{
		priv_net_close_socket(sock->ipv4sock);
		sock->ipv4sock = -1;
		sock->type &= ~NETTYPE_IPV4;
	}

#if defined(CONF_WEBSOCKETS)
	/* close down websocket_ipv4 */
	if(sock->web_ipv4sock >= 0)
	{
		websocket_destroy(sock->web_ipv4sock);
		sock->web_ipv4sock = -1;
		sock->type &= ~NETTYPE_WEBSOCKET_IPV4;
	}
#endif

	/* close down ipv6 */
	if(sock->ipv6sock >= 0)
	{
		priv_net_close_socket(sock->ipv6sock);
		sock->ipv6sock = -1;
		sock->type &= ~NETTYPE_IPV6;
	}

	free(sock);
	return 0;
}

static int priv_net_create_socket(int domain, int type, struct sockaddr *addr, int sockaddrlen)
{
	int sock, e;

	/* create socket */
	sock = socket(domain, type, 0);
	if(sock < 0)
	{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
		char buf[128];
		WCHAR wBuffer[128];
		int error = WSAGetLastError();
		if(FormatMessageW(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS, 0, error, 0, wBuffer, std::size(wBuffer), 0) == 0)
			wBuffer[0] = 0;
		WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wBuffer, -1, buf, sizeof(buf), NULL, NULL);
		dbg_msg("net", "failed to create socket with domain %d and type %d (%d '%s')", domain, type, error, buf);
#else
		dbg_msg("net", "failed to create socket with domain %d and type %d (%d '%s')", domain, type, errno, strerror(errno));
#endif
		return -1;
	}

#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_UNIX)
	/* on tcp sockets set SO_REUSEADDR
		to fix port rebind on restart */
	if(domain == AF_INET && type == SOCK_STREAM)
	{
		int option = 1;
		if(setsockopt(sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &option, sizeof(option)) != 0)
			dbg_msg("socket", "Setting SO_REUSEADDR failed: %d", errno);
	}
#endif

	/* set to IPv6 only if that's what we are creating */
#if defined(IPV6_V6ONLY) /* windows sdk 6.1 and higher */
	if(domain == AF_INET6)
	{
		int ipv6only = 1;
		if(setsockopt(sock, IPPROTO_IPV6, IPV6_V6ONLY, (const char *)&ipv6only, sizeof(ipv6only)) != 0)
			dbg_msg("socket", "Setting V6ONLY failed: %d", errno);
	}
#endif

	/* bind the socket */
	e = bind(sock, addr, sockaddrlen);
	if(e != 0)
	{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
		char buf[128];
		WCHAR wBuffer[128];
		int error = WSAGetLastError();
		if(FormatMessageW(FORMAT_MESSAGE_FROM_SYSTEM | FORMAT_MESSAGE_IGNORE_INSERTS, 0, error, 0, wBuffer, std::size(wBuffer), 0) == 0)
			wBuffer[0] = 0;
		WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wBuffer, -1, buf, sizeof(buf), NULL, NULL);
		dbg_msg("net", "failed to bind socket with domain %d and type %d (%d '%s')", domain, type, error, buf);
#else
		dbg_msg("net", "failed to bind socket with domain %d and type %d (%d '%s')", domain, type, errno, strerror(errno));
#endif
		priv_net_close_socket(sock);
		return -1;
	}

	/* return the newly created socket */
	return sock;
}

int net_socket_type(NETSOCKET sock)
{
	return sock->type;
}

NETSOCKET net_udp_create(NETADDR bindaddr)
{
	NETSOCKET sock = (NETSOCKET_INTERNAL *)malloc(sizeof(*sock));
	*sock = invalid_socket;
	NETADDR tmpbindaddr = bindaddr;
	int broadcast = 1;
	int socket = -1;

	if(bindaddr.type & NETTYPE_IPV4)
	{
		struct sockaddr_in addr;

		/* bind, we should check for error */
		tmpbindaddr.type = NETTYPE_IPV4;
		netaddr_to_sockaddr_in(&tmpbindaddr, &addr);
		socket = priv_net_create_socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr));
		if(socket >= 0)
		{
			sock->type |= NETTYPE_IPV4;
			sock->ipv4sock = socket;

			/* set broadcast */
			if(setsockopt(socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST, (const char *)&broadcast, sizeof(broadcast)) != 0)
				dbg_msg("socket", "Setting BROADCAST on ipv4 failed: %d", errno);

			{
				/* set DSCP/TOS */
				int iptos = 0x10 /* IPTOS_LOWDELAY */;
				//int iptos = 46; /* High Priority */
				if(setsockopt(socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TOS, (char *)&iptos, sizeof(iptos)) != 0)
					dbg_msg("socket", "Setting TOS on ipv4 failed: %d", errno);
			}
		}
	}
#if defined(CONF_WEBSOCKETS)
	if(bindaddr.type & NETTYPE_WEBSOCKET_IPV4)
	{
		char addr_str[NETADDR_MAXSTRSIZE];

		/* bind, we should check for error */
		tmpbindaddr.type = NETTYPE_WEBSOCKET_IPV4;

		net_addr_str(&tmpbindaddr, addr_str, sizeof(addr_str), 0);
		socket = websocket_create(addr_str, tmpbindaddr.port);

		if(socket >= 0)
		{
			sock->type |= NETTYPE_WEBSOCKET_IPV4;
			sock->web_ipv4sock = socket;
		}
	}
#endif

	if(bindaddr.type & NETTYPE_IPV6)
	{
		struct sockaddr_in6 addr;

		/* bind, we should check for error */
		tmpbindaddr.type = NETTYPE_IPV6;
		netaddr_to_sockaddr_in6(&tmpbindaddr, &addr);
		socket = priv_net_create_socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_DGRAM, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr));
		if(socket >= 0)
		{
			sock->type |= NETTYPE_IPV6;
			sock->ipv6sock = socket;

			/* set broadcast */
			if(setsockopt(socket, SOL_SOCKET, SO_BROADCAST, (const char *)&broadcast, sizeof(broadcast)) != 0)
				dbg_msg("socket", "Setting BROADCAST on ipv6 failed: %d", errno);

			{
				/* set DSCP/TOS */
				int iptos = 0x10 /* IPTOS_LOWDELAY */;
				//int iptos = 46; /* High Priority */
				if(setsockopt(socket, IPPROTO_IP, IP_TOS, (char *)&iptos, sizeof(iptos)) != 0)
					dbg_msg("socket", "Setting TOS on ipv6 failed: %d", errno);
			}
		}
	}

	if(socket < 0)
	{
		free(sock);
		sock = nullptr;
	}
	else
	{
		/* set non-blocking */
		net_set_non_blocking(sock);

		net_buffer_init(&sock->buffer);
	}

	/* return */
	return sock;
}

int net_udp_send(NETSOCKET sock, const NETADDR *addr, const void *data, int size)
{
	int d = -1;

	if(addr->type & NETTYPE_IPV4)
	{
		if(sock->ipv4sock >= 0)
		{
			struct sockaddr_in sa;
			if(addr->type & NETTYPE_LINK_BROADCAST)
			{
				mem_zero(&sa, sizeof(sa));
				sa.sin_port = htons(addr->port);
				sa.sin_family = AF_INET;
				sa.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_BROADCAST;
			}
			else
				netaddr_to_sockaddr_in(addr, &sa);

			d = sendto((int)sock->ipv4sock, (const char *)data, size, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&sa, sizeof(sa));
		}
		else
			dbg_msg("net", "can't send ipv4 traffic to this socket");
	}

#if defined(CONF_WEBSOCKETS)
	if(addr->type & NETTYPE_WEBSOCKET_IPV4)
	{
		if(sock->web_ipv4sock >= 0)
		{
			char addr_str[NETADDR_MAXSTRSIZE];
			str_format(addr_str, sizeof(addr_str), "%d.%d.%d.%d", addr->ip[0], addr->ip[1], addr->ip[2], addr->ip[3]);
			d = websocket_send(sock->web_ipv4sock, (const unsigned char *)data, size, addr_str, addr->port);
		}

		else
			dbg_msg("net", "can't send websocket_ipv4 traffic to this socket");
	}
#endif

	if(addr->type & NETTYPE_IPV6)
	{
		if(sock->ipv6sock >= 0)
		{
			struct sockaddr_in6 sa;
			if(addr->type & NETTYPE_LINK_BROADCAST)
			{
				mem_zero(&sa, sizeof(sa));
				sa.sin6_port = htons(addr->port);
				sa.sin6_family = AF_INET6;
				sa.sin6_addr.s6_addr[0] = 0xff; /* multicast */
				sa.sin6_addr.s6_addr[1] = 0x02; /* link local scope */
				sa.sin6_addr.s6_addr[15] = 1; /* all nodes */
			}
			else
				netaddr_to_sockaddr_in6(addr, &sa);

			d = sendto((int)sock->ipv6sock, (const char *)data, size, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&sa, sizeof(sa));
		}
		else
			dbg_msg("net", "can't send ipv6 traffic to this socket");
	}
	/*
	else
		dbg_msg("net", "can't send to network of type %d", addr->type);
		*/

	/*if(d < 0)
	{
		char addrstr[256];
		net_addr_str(addr, addrstr, sizeof(addrstr));

		dbg_msg("net", "sendto error (%d '%s')", errno, strerror(errno));
		dbg_msg("net", "\tsock = %d %x", sock, sock);
		dbg_msg("net", "\tsize = %d %x", size, size);
		dbg_msg("net", "\taddr = %s", addrstr);

	}*/
	network_stats.sent_bytes += size;
	network_stats.sent_packets++;
	return d;
}

void net_buffer_init(NETSOCKET_BUFFER *buffer)
{
#if defined(CONF_PLATFORM_LINUX)
	int i;
	buffer->pos = 0;
	buffer->size = 0;
	mem_zero(buffer->msgs, sizeof(buffer->msgs));
	mem_zero(buffer->iovecs, sizeof(buffer->iovecs));
	mem_zero(buffer->sockaddrs, sizeof(buffer->sockaddrs));
	for(i = 0; i < VLEN; ++i)
	{
		buffer->iovecs[i].iov_base = buffer->bufs[i];
		buffer->iovecs[i].iov_len = PACKETSIZE;
		buffer->msgs[i].msg_hdr.msg_iov = &(buffer->iovecs[i]);
		buffer->msgs[i].msg_hdr.msg_iovlen = 1;
		buffer->msgs[i].msg_hdr.msg_name = &(buffer->sockaddrs[i]);
		buffer->msgs[i].msg_hdr.msg_namelen = sizeof(buffer->sockaddrs[i]);
	}
#endif
}

void net_buffer_simple(NETSOCKET_BUFFER *buffer, char **buf, int *size)
{
#if defined(CONF_PLATFORM_LINUX)
	*buf = buffer->bufs[0];
	*size = sizeof(buffer->bufs[0]);
#else
	*buf = buffer->buf;
	*size = sizeof(buffer->buf);
#endif
}

int net_udp_recv(NETSOCKET sock, NETADDR *addr, unsigned char **data)
{
	char sockaddrbuf[128];
	int bytes = 0;

#if defined(CONF_PLATFORM_LINUX)
	if(sock->ipv4sock >= 0)
	{
		if(sock->buffer.pos >= sock->buffer.size)
		{
			sock->buffer.size = recvmmsg(sock->ipv4sock, sock->buffer.msgs, VLEN, 0, NULL);
			sock->buffer.pos = 0;
		}
	}

	if(sock->ipv6sock >= 0)
	{
		if(sock->buffer.pos >= sock->buffer.size)
		{
			sock->buffer.size = recvmmsg(sock->ipv6sock, sock->buffer.msgs, VLEN, 0, NULL);
			sock->buffer.pos = 0;
		}
	}

	if(sock->buffer.pos < sock->buffer.size)
	{
		sockaddr_to_netaddr((struct sockaddr *)&(sock->buffer.sockaddrs[sock->buffer.pos]), addr);
		bytes = sock->buffer.msgs[sock->buffer.pos].msg_len;
		*data = (unsigned char *)sock->buffer.bufs[sock->buffer.pos];
		sock->buffer.pos++;
		network_stats.recv_bytes += bytes;
		network_stats.recv_packets++;
		return bytes;
	}
#else
	if(bytes == 0 && sock->ipv4sock >= 0)
	{
		socklen_t fromlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
		bytes = recvfrom(sock->ipv4sock, sock->buffer.buf, sizeof(sock->buffer.buf), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&sockaddrbuf, &fromlen);
		*data = (unsigned char *)sock->buffer.buf;
	}

	if(bytes <= 0 && sock->ipv6sock >= 0)
	{
		socklen_t fromlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in6);
		bytes = recvfrom(sock->ipv6sock, sock->buffer.buf, sizeof(sock->buffer.buf), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&sockaddrbuf, &fromlen);
		*data = (unsigned char *)sock->buffer.buf;
	}
#endif

#if defined(CONF_WEBSOCKETS)
	if(bytes <= 0 && sock->web_ipv4sock >= 0)
	{
		char *buf;
		int size;
		net_buffer_simple(&sock->buffer, &buf, &size);
		socklen_t fromlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr);
		struct sockaddr_in *sockaddrbuf_in = (struct sockaddr_in *)&sockaddrbuf;
		bytes = websocket_recv(sock->web_ipv4sock, (unsigned char *)buf, size, sockaddrbuf_in, fromlen);
		*data = (unsigned char *)buf;
		sockaddrbuf_in->sin_family = AF_WEBSOCKET_INET;
	}
#endif

	if(bytes > 0)
	{
		sockaddr_to_netaddr((struct sockaddr *)&sockaddrbuf, addr);
		network_stats.recv_bytes += bytes;
		network_stats.recv_packets++;
		return bytes;
	}
	else if(bytes == 0)
		return 0;
	return -1; /* error */
}

int net_udp_close(NETSOCKET sock)
{
	return priv_net_close_all_sockets(sock);
}

NETSOCKET net_tcp_create(NETADDR bindaddr)
{
	NETSOCKET sock = (NETSOCKET_INTERNAL *)malloc(sizeof(*sock));
	*sock = invalid_socket;
	NETADDR tmpbindaddr = bindaddr;
	int socket = -1;

	if(bindaddr.type & NETTYPE_IPV4)
	{
		struct sockaddr_in addr;

		/* bind, we should check for error */
		tmpbindaddr.type = NETTYPE_IPV4;
		netaddr_to_sockaddr_in(&tmpbindaddr, &addr);
		socket = priv_net_create_socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr));
		if(socket >= 0)
		{
			sock->type |= NETTYPE_IPV4;
			sock->ipv4sock = socket;
		}
	}

	if(bindaddr.type & NETTYPE_IPV6)
	{
		struct sockaddr_in6 addr;

		/* bind, we should check for error */
		tmpbindaddr.type = NETTYPE_IPV6;
		netaddr_to_sockaddr_in6(&tmpbindaddr, &addr);
		socket = priv_net_create_socket(AF_INET6, SOCK_STREAM, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr));
		if(socket >= 0)
		{
			sock->type |= NETTYPE_IPV6;
			sock->ipv6sock = socket;
		}
	}

	if(socket < 0)
	{
		free(sock);
		sock = nullptr;
	}

	/* return */
	return sock;
}

int net_set_non_blocking(NETSOCKET sock)
{
	unsigned long mode = 1;
	if(sock->ipv4sock >= 0)
	{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
		ioctlsocket(sock->ipv4sock, FIONBIO, (unsigned long *)&mode);
#else
		if(ioctl(sock->ipv4sock, FIONBIO, (unsigned long *)&mode) == -1)
			dbg_msg("socket", "setting ipv4 non-blocking failed: %d", errno);
#endif
	}

	if(sock->ipv6sock >= 0)
	{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
		ioctlsocket(sock->ipv6sock, FIONBIO, (unsigned long *)&mode);
#else
		if(ioctl(sock->ipv6sock, FIONBIO, (unsigned long *)&mode) == -1)
			dbg_msg("socket", "setting ipv6 non-blocking failed: %d", errno);
#endif
	}

	return 0;
}

int net_set_blocking(NETSOCKET sock)
{
	unsigned long mode = 0;
	if(sock->ipv4sock >= 0)
	{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
		ioctlsocket(sock->ipv4sock, FIONBIO, (unsigned long *)&mode);
#else
		if(ioctl(sock->ipv4sock, FIONBIO, (unsigned long *)&mode) == -1)
			dbg_msg("socket", "setting ipv4 blocking failed: %d", errno);
#endif
	}

	if(sock->ipv6sock >= 0)
	{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
		ioctlsocket(sock->ipv6sock, FIONBIO, (unsigned long *)&mode);
#else
		if(ioctl(sock->ipv6sock, FIONBIO, (unsigned long *)&mode) == -1)
			dbg_msg("socket", "setting ipv6 blocking failed: %d", errno);
#endif
	}

	return 0;
}

int net_tcp_listen(NETSOCKET sock, int backlog)
{
	int err = -1;
	if(sock->ipv4sock >= 0)
		err = listen(sock->ipv4sock, backlog);
	if(sock->ipv6sock >= 0)
		err = listen(sock->ipv6sock, backlog);
	return err;
}

int net_tcp_accept(NETSOCKET sock, NETSOCKET *new_sock, NETADDR *a)
{
	int s;
	socklen_t sockaddr_len;

	*new_sock = nullptr;

	if(sock->ipv4sock >= 0)
	{
		struct sockaddr_in addr;
		sockaddr_len = sizeof(addr);

		s = accept(sock->ipv4sock, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, &sockaddr_len);

		if(s != -1)
		{
			sockaddr_to_netaddr((const struct sockaddr *)&addr, a);

			*new_sock = (NETSOCKET_INTERNAL *)malloc(sizeof(**new_sock));
			**new_sock = invalid_socket;
			(*new_sock)->type = NETTYPE_IPV4;
			(*new_sock)->ipv4sock = s;
			return s;
		}
	}

	if(sock->ipv6sock >= 0)
	{
		struct sockaddr_in6 addr;
		sockaddr_len = sizeof(addr);

		s = accept(sock->ipv6sock, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, &sockaddr_len);

		if(s != -1)
		{
			*new_sock = (NETSOCKET_INTERNAL *)malloc(sizeof(**new_sock));
			**new_sock = invalid_socket;
			sockaddr_to_netaddr((const struct sockaddr *)&addr, a);
			(*new_sock)->type = NETTYPE_IPV6;
			(*new_sock)->ipv6sock = s;
			return s;
		}
	}

	return -1;
}

int net_tcp_connect(NETSOCKET sock, const NETADDR *a)
{
	if(a->type & NETTYPE_IPV4)
	{
		struct sockaddr_in addr;
		netaddr_to_sockaddr_in(a, &addr);
		return connect(sock->ipv4sock, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr));
	}

	if(a->type & NETTYPE_IPV6)
	{
		struct sockaddr_in6 addr;
		netaddr_to_sockaddr_in6(a, &addr);
		return connect(sock->ipv6sock, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr));
	}

	return -1;
}

int net_tcp_connect_non_blocking(NETSOCKET sock, NETADDR bindaddr)
{
	int res = 0;

	net_set_non_blocking(sock);
	res = net_tcp_connect(sock, &bindaddr);
	net_set_blocking(sock);

	return res;
}

int net_tcp_send(NETSOCKET sock, const void *data, int size)
{
	int bytes = -1;

	if(sock->ipv4sock >= 0)
		bytes = send((int)sock->ipv4sock, (const char *)data, size, 0);
	if(sock->ipv6sock >= 0)
		bytes = send((int)sock->ipv6sock, (const char *)data, size, 0);

	return bytes;
}

int net_tcp_recv(NETSOCKET sock, void *data, int maxsize)
{
	int bytes = -1;

	if(sock->ipv4sock >= 0)
		bytes = recv((int)sock->ipv4sock, (char *)data, maxsize, 0);
	if(sock->ipv6sock >= 0)
		bytes = recv((int)sock->ipv6sock, (char *)data, maxsize, 0);

	return bytes;
}

int net_tcp_close(NETSOCKET sock)
{
	return priv_net_close_all_sockets(sock);
}

int net_errno()
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	return WSAGetLastError();
#else
	return errno;
#endif
}

int net_would_block()
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	return net_errno() == WSAEWOULDBLOCK;
#else
	return net_errno() == EWOULDBLOCK;
#endif
}

int net_init()
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	WSADATA wsaData;
	int err = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(1, 1), &wsaData);
	dbg_assert(err == 0, "network initialization failed.");
	return err == 0 ? 0 : 1;
#endif

	return 0;
}

#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_UNIX)
UNIXSOCKET net_unix_create_unnamed()
{
	return socket(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
}

int net_unix_send(UNIXSOCKET sock, UNIXSOCKETADDR *addr, void *data, int size)
{
	return sendto(sock, data, size, 0, (struct sockaddr *)addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_un));
}

void net_unix_set_addr(UNIXSOCKETADDR *addr, const char *path)
{
	mem_zero(addr, sizeof(*addr));
	addr->sun_family = AF_UNIX;
	str_copy(addr->sun_path, path, sizeof(addr->sun_path));
}

void net_unix_close(UNIXSOCKET sock)
{
	close(sock);
}
#endif

#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
static inline time_t filetime_to_unixtime(LPFILETIME filetime)
{
	time_t t;
	ULARGE_INTEGER li;
	li.LowPart = filetime->dwLowDateTime;
	li.HighPart = filetime->dwHighDateTime;

	li.QuadPart /= 10000000; // 100ns to 1s
	li.QuadPart -= 11644473600LL; // Windows epoch is in the past

	t = li.QuadPart;
	return t == (time_t)li.QuadPart ? t : (time_t)-1;
}
#endif

void fs_listdir(const char *dir, FS_LISTDIR_CALLBACK cb, int type, void *user)
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	WIN32_FIND_DATAW finddata;
	HANDLE handle;
	char buffer[IO_MAX_PATH_LENGTH];
	char buffer2[IO_MAX_PATH_LENGTH];
	WCHAR wBuffer[IO_MAX_PATH_LENGTH];
	int length;

	str_format(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%s/*", dir);
	MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, buffer, -1, wBuffer, std::size(wBuffer));

	handle = FindFirstFileW(wBuffer, &finddata);
	if(handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
		return;

	str_format(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%s/", dir);
	length = str_length(buffer);

	/* add all the entries */
	do
	{
		WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, finddata.cFileName, -1, buffer2, sizeof(buffer2), NULL, NULL);
		str_copy(buffer + length, buffer2, (int)sizeof(buffer) - length);
		if(cb(buffer2, (finddata.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) != 0, type, user))
			break;
	} while(FindNextFileW(handle, &finddata));

	FindClose(handle);
#else
	struct dirent *entry;
	char buffer[IO_MAX_PATH_LENGTH];
	int length;
	DIR *d = opendir(dir);

	if(!d)
		return;

	str_format(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%s/", dir);
	length = str_length(buffer);

	while((entry = readdir(d)) != NULL)
	{
		str_copy(buffer + length, entry->d_name, (int)sizeof(buffer) - length);
		if(cb(entry->d_name, entry->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ? fs_is_dir(buffer) : entry->d_type == DT_DIR, type, user))
			break;
	}

	/* close the directory and return */
	closedir(d);
#endif
}

void fs_listdir_fileinfo(const char *dir, FS_LISTDIR_CALLBACK_FILEINFO cb, int type, void *user)
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	WIN32_FIND_DATAW finddata;
	HANDLE handle;
	char buffer[IO_MAX_PATH_LENGTH];
	char buffer2[IO_MAX_PATH_LENGTH];
	WCHAR wBuffer[IO_MAX_PATH_LENGTH];
	int length;

	str_format(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%s/*", dir);
	MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, buffer, -1, wBuffer, std::size(wBuffer));

	handle = FindFirstFileW(wBuffer, &finddata);
	if(handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
		return;

	str_format(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%s/", dir);
	length = str_length(buffer);

	/* add all the entries */
	do
	{
		WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, finddata.cFileName, -1, buffer2, sizeof(buffer2), NULL, NULL);
		str_copy(buffer + length, buffer2, (int)sizeof(buffer) - length);

		CFsFileInfo info;
		info.m_pName = buffer2;
		info.m_TimeCreated = filetime_to_unixtime(&finddata.ftCreationTime);
		info.m_TimeModified = filetime_to_unixtime(&finddata.ftLastWriteTime);

		if(cb(&info, (finddata.dwFileAttributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) != 0, type, user))
			break;
	} while(FindNextFileW(handle, &finddata));

	FindClose(handle);
#else
	struct dirent *entry;
	time_t created = -1, modified = -1;
	char buffer[IO_MAX_PATH_LENGTH];
	int length;
	DIR *d = opendir(dir);

	if(!d)
		return;

	str_format(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "%s/", dir);
	length = str_length(buffer);

	while((entry = readdir(d)) != NULL)
	{
		CFsFileInfo info;

		str_copy(buffer + length, entry->d_name, (int)sizeof(buffer) - length);
		fs_file_time(buffer, &created, &modified);

		info.m_pName = entry->d_name;
		info.m_TimeCreated = created;
		info.m_TimeModified = modified;

		if(cb(&info, entry->d_type == DT_UNKNOWN ? fs_is_dir(buffer) : entry->d_type == DT_DIR, type, user))
			break;
	}

	/* close the directory and return */
	closedir(d);
#endif
}

int fs_storage_path(const char *appname, char *path, int max)
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	WCHAR *home = _wgetenv(L"APPDATA");
	if(!home)
		return -1;
	char buffer[IO_MAX_PATH_LENGTH];
	WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, home, -1, buffer, sizeof(buffer), NULL, NULL);
	str_format(path, max, "%s/%s", buffer, appname);
	return 0;
#elif defined(CONF_PLATFORM_ANDROID)
	// just use the data directory
	return -1;
#else
	char *home = getenv("HOME");
	if(!home)
		return -1;

#if defined(CONF_PLATFORM_HAIKU)
	str_format(path, max, "%s/config/settings/%s", home, appname);
#elif defined(CONF_PLATFORM_MACOS)
	str_format(path, max, "%s/Library/Application Support/%s", home, appname);
#else
	if(str_comp(appname, "Teeworlds") == 0)
	{
		// fallback for old directory for Teeworlds compatibility
		str_format(path, max, "%s/.%s", home, appname);
	}
	else
	{
		char *data_home = getenv("XDG_DATA_HOME");
		if(data_home)
			str_format(path, max, "%s/%s", data_home, appname);
		else
			str_format(path, max, "%s/.local/share/%s", home, appname);
	}
	for(int i = str_length(path) - str_length(appname); path[i]; i++)
		path[i] = tolower((unsigned char)path[i]);
#endif

	return 0;
#endif
}

int fs_makedir_rec_for(const char *path)
{
	char buffer[1024 * 2];
	char *p;
	str_copy(buffer, path, sizeof(buffer));
	for(p = buffer + 1; *p != '\0'; p++)
	{
		if(*p == '/' && *(p + 1) != '\0')
		{
			*p = '\0';
			if(fs_makedir(buffer) < 0)
				return -1;
			*p = '/';
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

int fs_makedir(const char *path)
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	WCHAR wBuffer[IO_MAX_PATH_LENGTH];
	MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, path, -1, wBuffer, std::size(wBuffer));
	if(_wmkdir(wBuffer) == 0)
		return 0;
	if(errno == EEXIST)
		return 0;
	return -1;
#else
#ifdef CONF_PLATFORM_HAIKU
	struct stat st;
	if(stat(path, &st) == 0)
		return 0;
#endif
	if(mkdir(path, 0755) == 0)
		return 0;
	if(errno == EEXIST)
		return 0;
	return -1;
#endif
}

int fs_removedir(const char *path)
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	WCHAR wPath[IO_MAX_PATH_LENGTH];
	MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, path, -1, wPath, std::size(wPath));
	if(RemoveDirectoryW(wPath) != 0)
		return 0;
	return -1;
#else
	if(rmdir(path) == 0)
		return 0;
	return -1;
#endif
}

int fs_is_dir(const char *path)
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	WCHAR wPath[IO_MAX_PATH_LENGTH];
	MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, path, -1, wPath, std::size(wPath));
	DWORD attributes = GetFileAttributesW(wPath);
	return attributes != INVALID_FILE_ATTRIBUTES && (attributes & FILE_ATTRIBUTE_DIRECTORY) ? 1 : 0;
#else
	struct stat sb;
	if(stat(path, &sb) == -1)
		return 0;
	return S_ISDIR(sb.st_mode) ? 1 : 0;
#endif
}

int fs_chdir(const char *path)
{
	if(fs_is_dir(path))
	{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
		WCHAR wBuffer[IO_MAX_PATH_LENGTH];
		MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, path, -1, wBuffer, std::size(wBuffer));
		if(_wchdir(wBuffer))
			return 1;
		else
			return 0;
#else
		if(chdir(path))
			return 1;
		else
			return 0;
#endif
	}
	else
		return 1;
}

char *fs_getcwd(char *buffer, int buffer_size)
{
	if(buffer == 0)
		return 0;
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	WCHAR wBuffer[IO_MAX_PATH_LENGTH];
	if(_wgetcwd(wBuffer, buffer_size) == 0)
		return 0;
	WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wBuffer, -1, buffer, buffer_size, NULL, NULL);
	return buffer;
#else
	return getcwd(buffer, buffer_size);
#endif
}

int fs_parent_dir(char *path)
{
	char *parent = 0;
	for(; *path; ++path)
	{
		if(*path == '/' || *path == '\\')
			parent = path;
	}

	if(parent)
	{
		*parent = 0;
		return 0;
	}
	return 1;
}

int fs_remove(const char *filename)
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	WCHAR wFilename[IO_MAX_PATH_LENGTH];
	MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, filename, -1, wFilename, std::size(wFilename));
	return DeleteFileW(wFilename) == 0;
#else
	return unlink(filename) != 0;
#endif
}

int fs_rename(const char *oldname, const char *newname)
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	WCHAR wOldname[IO_MAX_PATH_LENGTH];
	WCHAR wNewname[IO_MAX_PATH_LENGTH];
	MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, oldname, -1, wOldname, std::size(wOldname));
	MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, newname, -1, wNewname, std::size(wNewname));
	if(MoveFileExW(wOldname, wNewname, MOVEFILE_REPLACE_EXISTING | MOVEFILE_COPY_ALLOWED) == 0)
		return 1;
#else
	if(rename(oldname, newname) != 0)
		return 1;
#endif
	return 0;
}

int fs_file_time(const char *name, time_t *created, time_t *modified)
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	WIN32_FIND_DATAW finddata;
	HANDLE handle;
	WCHAR wBuffer[IO_MAX_PATH_LENGTH];

	MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, name, -1, wBuffer, std::size(wBuffer));
	handle = FindFirstFileW(wBuffer, &finddata);
	if(handle == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)
		return 1;

	*created = filetime_to_unixtime(&finddata.ftCreationTime);
	*modified = filetime_to_unixtime(&finddata.ftLastWriteTime);
	FindClose(handle);
#elif defined(CONF_FAMILY_UNIX)
	struct stat sb;
	if(stat(name, &sb))
		return 1;

	*created = sb.st_ctime;
	*modified = sb.st_mtime;
#else
#error not implemented
#endif

	return 0;
}

void swap_endian(void *data, unsigned elem_size, unsigned num)
{
	char *src = (char *)data;
	char *dst = src + (elem_size - 1);

	while(num)
	{
		unsigned n = elem_size >> 1;
		char tmp;
		while(n)
		{
			tmp = *src;
			*src = *dst;
			*dst = tmp;

			src++;
			dst--;
			n--;
		}

		src = src + (elem_size >> 1);
		dst = src + (elem_size - 1);
		num--;
	}
}

int net_socket_read_wait(NETSOCKET sock, int time)
{
	struct timeval tv;
	fd_set readfds;
	int sockid;

	tv.tv_sec = time / 1000000;
	tv.tv_usec = time % 1000000;
	sockid = 0;

	FD_ZERO(&readfds); // NOLINT(clang-analyzer-security.insecureAPI.bzero)
	if(sock->ipv4sock >= 0)
	{
		FD_SET(sock->ipv4sock, &readfds);
		sockid = sock->ipv4sock;
	}
	if(sock->ipv6sock >= 0)
	{
		FD_SET(sock->ipv6sock, &readfds);
		if(sock->ipv6sock > sockid)
			sockid = sock->ipv6sock;
	}
#if defined(CONF_WEBSOCKETS)
	if(sock->web_ipv4sock >= 0)
	{
		int maxfd = websocket_fd_set(sock->web_ipv4sock, &readfds);
		if(maxfd > sockid)
		{
			sockid = maxfd;
			FD_SET(sockid, &readfds);
		}
	}
#endif

	/* don't care about writefds and exceptfds */
	if(time < 0)
		select(sockid + 1, &readfds, NULL, NULL, NULL);
	else
		select(sockid + 1, &readfds, NULL, NULL, &tv);

	if(sock->ipv4sock >= 0 && FD_ISSET(sock->ipv4sock, &readfds))
		return 1;
#if defined(CONF_WEBSOCKETS)
	if(sock->web_ipv4sock >= 0 && FD_ISSET(sockid, &readfds))
		return 1;
#endif
	if(sock->ipv6sock >= 0 && FD_ISSET(sock->ipv6sock, &readfds))
		return 1;

	return 0;
}

int time_timestamp()
{
	return time(0);
}

int time_houroftheday()
{
	time_t time_data;
	struct tm *time_info;

	time(&time_data);
	time_info = localtime(&time_data);
	return time_info->tm_hour;
}

int time_season()
{
	time_t time_data;
	struct tm *time_info;

	time(&time_data);
	time_info = localtime(&time_data);

	if((time_info->tm_mon == 11 && time_info->tm_mday == 31) || (time_info->tm_mon == 0 && time_info->tm_mday == 1))
	{
		return SEASON_NEWYEAR;
	}

	switch(time_info->tm_mon)
	{
	case 11:
	case 0:
	case 1:
		return SEASON_WINTER;
	case 2:
	case 3:
	case 4:
		return SEASON_SPRING;
	case 5:
	case 6:
	case 7:
		return SEASON_SUMMER;
	case 8:
	case 9:
	case 10:
		return SEASON_AUTUMN;
	}
	return SEASON_SPRING; // should never happen
}

void str_append(char *dst, const char *src, int dst_size)
{
	int s = str_length(dst);
	int i = 0;
	while(s < dst_size)
	{
		dst[s] = src[i];
		if(!src[i]) /* check for null termination */
			break;
		s++;
		i++;
	}

	dst[dst_size - 1] = 0; /* assure null termination */
	str_utf8_fix_truncation(dst);
}

void str_copy(char *dst, const char *src, int dst_size)
{
	dst[0] = '\0';
	strncat(dst, src, dst_size - 1);
	str_utf8_fix_truncation(dst);
}

void str_utf8_truncate(char *dst, int dst_size, const char *src, int truncation_len)
{
	int size = -1;
	const char *cursor = src;
	int pos = 0;
	while(pos <= truncation_len && cursor - src < dst_size && size != cursor - src)
	{
		size = cursor - src;
		if(str_utf8_decode(&cursor) == 0)
		{
			break;
		}
		pos++;
	}
	str_copy(dst, src, size + 1);
}

void str_truncate(char *dst, int dst_size, const char *src, int truncation_len)
{
	int size = dst_size;
	if(truncation_len < size)
	{
		size = truncation_len + 1;
	}
	str_copy(dst, src, size);
}

int str_length(const char *str)
{
	return (int)strlen(str);
}

int str_format(char *buffer, int buffer_size, const char *format, ...)
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	va_list ap;
	va_start(ap, format);
	_vsnprintf(buffer, buffer_size, format, ap);
	va_end(ap);

	buffer[buffer_size - 1] = 0; /* assure null termination */
#else
	va_list ap;
	va_start(ap, format);
	vsnprintf(buffer, buffer_size, format, ap);
	va_end(ap);

	/* null termination is assured by definition of vsnprintf */
#endif
	return str_utf8_fix_truncation(buffer);
}

char *str_trim_words(char *str, int words)
{
	while(words && *str)
	{
		if(isspace(*str) && !isspace(*(str + 1)))
			words--;
		str++;
	}
	return str;
}

/* makes sure that the string only contains the characters between 32 and 255 */
void str_sanitize_cc(char *str_in)
{
	unsigned char *str = (unsigned char *)str_in;
	while(*str)
	{
		if(*str < 32)
			*str = ' ';
		str++;
	}
}

/* makes sure that the string only contains the characters between 32 and 255 + \r\n\t */
void str_sanitize(char *str_in)
{
	unsigned char *str = (unsigned char *)str_in;
	while(*str)
	{
		if(*str < 32 && !(*str == '\r') && !(*str == '\n') && !(*str == '\t'))
			*str = ' ';
		str++;
	}
}

void str_sanitize_filename(char *str_in)
{
	unsigned char *str = (unsigned char *)str_in;
	while(*str)
	{
		if(*str < 32 || *str == '\\' || *str == '/' || *str == '|' || *str == ':' || *str == '*' || *str == '?' || *str == '<' || *str == '>' || *str == '"')
			*str = ' ';
		str++;
	}
}

/* removes leading and trailing spaces and limits the use of multiple spaces */
void str_clean_whitespaces(char *str_in)
{
	char *read = str_in;
	char *write = str_in;

	/* skip initial whitespace */
	while(*read == ' ')
		read++;

	/* end of read string is detected in the loop */
	while(true)
	{
		/* skip whitespace */
		int found_whitespace = 0;
		for(; *read == ' '; read++)
			found_whitespace = 1;
		/* if not at the end of the string, put a found whitespace here */
		if(*read)
		{
			if(found_whitespace)
				*write++ = ' ';
			*write++ = *read++;
		}
		else
		{
			*write = 0;
			break;
		}
	}
}

char *str_skip_to_whitespace(char *str)
{
	while(*str && (*str != ' ' && *str != '\t' && *str != '\n'))
		str++;
	return str;
}

const char *str_skip_to_whitespace_const(const char *str)
{
	while(*str && (*str != ' ' && *str != '\t' && *str != '\n'))
		str++;
	return str;
}

char *str_skip_whitespaces(char *str)
{
	while(*str && (*str == ' ' || *str == '\t' || *str == '\n' || *str == '\r'))
		str++;
	return str;
}

const char *str_skip_whitespaces_const(const char *str)
{
	while(*str && (*str == ' ' || *str == '\t' || *str == '\n' || *str == '\r'))
		str++;
	return str;
}

/* case */
int str_comp_nocase(const char *a, const char *b)
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	return _stricmp(a, b);
#else
	return strcasecmp(a, b);
#endif
}

int str_comp_nocase_num(const char *a, const char *b, int num)
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	return _strnicmp(a, b, num);
#else
	return strncasecmp(a, b, num);
#endif
}

int str_comp(const char *a, const char *b)
{
	return strcmp(a, b);
}

int str_comp_num(const char *a, const char *b, int num)
{
	return strncmp(a, b, num);
}

int str_comp_filenames(const char *a, const char *b)
{
	int result;

	for(; *a && *b; ++a, ++b)
	{
		if(*a >= '0' && *a <= '9' && *b >= '0' && *b <= '9')
		{
			result = 0;
			do
			{
				if(!result)
					result = *a - *b;
				++a;
				++b;
			} while(*a >= '0' && *a <= '9' && *b >= '0' && *b <= '9');

			if(*a >= '0' && *a <= '9')
				return 1;
			else if(*b >= '0' && *b <= '9')
				return -1;
			else if(result)
				return result;
		}

		if(*a != *b)
			break;
	}
	return *a - *b;
}

const char *str_startswith_nocase(const char *str, const char *prefix)
{
	int prefixl = str_length(prefix);
	if(str_comp_nocase_num(str, prefix, prefixl) == 0)
	{
		return str + prefixl;
	}
	else
	{
		return 0;
	}
}

const char *str_startswith(const char *str, const char *prefix)
{
	int prefixl = str_length(prefix);
	if(str_comp_num(str, prefix, prefixl) == 0)
	{
		return str + prefixl;
	}
	else
	{
		return 0;
	}
}

const char *str_endswith_nocase(const char *str, const char *suffix)
{
	int strl = str_length(str);
	int suffixl = str_length(suffix);
	const char *strsuffix;
	if(strl < suffixl)
	{
		return 0;
	}
	strsuffix = str + strl - suffixl;
	if(str_comp_nocase(strsuffix, suffix) == 0)
	{
		return strsuffix;
	}
	else
	{
		return 0;
	}
}

const char *str_endswith(const char *str, const char *suffix)
{
	int strl = str_length(str);
	int suffixl = str_length(suffix);
	const char *strsuffix;
	if(strl < suffixl)
	{
		return 0;
	}
	strsuffix = str + strl - suffixl;
	if(str_comp(strsuffix, suffix) == 0)
	{
		return strsuffix;
	}
	else
	{
		return 0;
	}
}

static int min3(int a, int b, int c)
{
	int min = a;
	if(b < min)
		min = b;
	if(c < min)
		min = c;
	return min;
}

int str_utf8_dist(const char *a, const char *b)
{
	int buf_len = 2 * (str_length(a) + 1 + str_length(b) + 1);
	int *buf = (int *)calloc(buf_len, sizeof(*buf));
	int result = str_utf8_dist_buffer(a, b, buf, buf_len);
	free(buf);
	return result;
}

static int str_to_utf32_unchecked(const char *str, int **out)
{
	int out_len = 0;
	while((**out = str_utf8_decode(&str)))
	{
		(*out)++;
		out_len++;
	}
	return out_len;
}

int str_utf32_dist_buffer(const int *a, int a_len, const int *b, int b_len, int *buf, int buf_len)
{
	int i, j;
	dbg_assert(buf_len >= (a_len + 1) + (b_len + 1), "buffer too small");
	if(a_len > b_len)
	{
		int tmp1 = a_len;
		const int *tmp2 = a;

		a_len = b_len;
		a = b;

		b_len = tmp1;
		b = tmp2;
	}
#define B(i, j) buf[((j)&1) * (a_len + 1) + (i)]
	for(i = 0; i <= a_len; i++)
	{
		B(i, 0) = i;
	}
	for(j = 1; j <= b_len; j++)
	{
		B(0, j) = j;
		for(i = 1; i <= a_len; i++)
		{
			int subst = (a[i - 1] != b[j - 1]);
			B(i, j) = min3(
				B(i - 1, j) + 1,
				B(i, j - 1) + 1,
				B(i - 1, j - 1) + subst);
		}
	}
	return B(a_len, b_len);
#undef B
}

int str_utf8_dist_buffer(const char *a_utf8, const char *b_utf8, int *buf, int buf_len)
{
	int a_utf8_len = str_length(a_utf8);
	int b_utf8_len = str_length(b_utf8);
	int *a, *b; // UTF-32
	int a_len, b_len; // UTF-32 length
	dbg_assert(buf_len >= 2 * (a_utf8_len + 1 + b_utf8_len + 1), "buffer too small");
	if(a_utf8_len > b_utf8_len)
	{
		const char *tmp2 = a_utf8;
		a_utf8 = b_utf8;
		b_utf8 = tmp2;
	}
	a = buf;
	a_len = str_to_utf32_unchecked(a_utf8, &buf);
	b = buf;
	b_len = str_to_utf32_unchecked(b_utf8, &buf);
	return str_utf32_dist_buffer(a, a_len, b, b_len, buf, buf_len - b_len - a_len);
}

const char *str_find_nocase(const char *haystack, const char *needle)
{
	while(*haystack) /* native implementation */
	{
		const char *a = haystack;
		const char *b = needle;
		while(*a && *b && tolower((unsigned char)*a) == tolower((unsigned char)*b))
		{
			a++;
			b++;
		}
		if(!(*b))
			return haystack;
		haystack++;
	}

	return 0;
}

const char *str_find(const char *haystack, const char *needle)
{
	while(*haystack) /* native implementation */
	{
		const char *a = haystack;
		const char *b = needle;
		while(*a && *b && *a == *b)
		{
			a++;
			b++;
		}
		if(!(*b))
			return haystack;
		haystack++;
	}

	return 0;
}

const char *str_rchr(const char *haystack, char needle)
{
	return strrchr(haystack, needle);
}

void str_hex(char *dst, int dst_size, const void *data, int data_size)
{
	static const char hex[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
	int b;

	for(b = 0; b < data_size && b < dst_size / 4 - 4; b++)
	{
		dst[b * 3] = hex[((const unsigned char *)data)[b] >> 4];
		dst[b * 3 + 1] = hex[((const unsigned char *)data)[b] & 0xf];
		dst[b * 3 + 2] = ' ';
		dst[b * 3 + 3] = 0;
	}
}

static int hexval(char x)
{
	switch(x)
	{
	case '0': return 0;
	case '1': return 1;
	case '2': return 2;
	case '3': return 3;
	case '4': return 4;
	case '5': return 5;
	case '6': return 6;
	case '7': return 7;
	case '8': return 8;
	case '9': return 9;
	case 'a':
	case 'A': return 10;
	case 'b':
	case 'B': return 11;
	case 'c':
	case 'C': return 12;
	case 'd':
	case 'D': return 13;
	case 'e':
	case 'E': return 14;
	case 'f':
	case 'F': return 15;
	default: return -1;
	}
}

static int byteval(const char *byte, unsigned char *dst)
{
	int v1 = -1, v2 = -1;
	v1 = hexval(byte[0]);
	v2 = hexval(byte[1]);

	if(v1 < 0 || v2 < 0)
		return 1;

	*dst = v1 * 16 + v2;
	return 0;
}

int str_hex_decode(void *dst, int dst_size, const char *src)
{
	unsigned char *cdst = (unsigned char *)dst;
	int slen = str_length(src);
	int len = slen / 2;
	int i;
	if(slen != dst_size * 2)
		return 2;

	for(i = 0; i < len && dst_size; i++, dst_size--)
	{
		if(byteval(src + i * 2, cdst++))
			return 1;
	}
	return 0;
}

void str_base64(char *dst, int dst_size, const void *data_raw, int data_size)
{
	static const char DIGITS[] = "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789+/";

	const unsigned char *data = (const unsigned char *)data_raw;
	unsigned value = 0;
	int num_bits = 0;
	int i = 0;
	int o = 0;

	dst_size -= 1;
	dst[dst_size] = 0;
	while(true)
	{
		if(num_bits < 6 && i < data_size)
		{
			value = (value << 8) | data[i];
			num_bits += 8;
			i += 1;
		}
		if(o == dst_size)
		{
			return;
		}
		if(num_bits > 0)
		{
			unsigned padded;
			if(num_bits >= 6)
			{
				padded = (value >> (num_bits - 6)) & 0x3f;
			}
			else
			{
				padded = (value << (6 - num_bits)) & 0x3f;
			}
			dst[o] = DIGITS[padded];
			num_bits -= 6;
			o += 1;
		}
		else if(o % 4 != 0)
		{
			dst[o] = '=';
			o += 1;
		}
		else
		{
			dst[o] = 0;
			return;
		}
	}
}

static int base64_digit_value(char digit)
{
	if('A' <= digit && digit <= 'Z')
	{
		return digit - 'A';
	}
	else if('a' <= digit && digit <= 'z')
	{
		return digit - 'a' + 26;
	}
	else if('0' <= digit && digit <= '9')
	{
		return digit - '0' + 52;
	}
	else if(digit == '+')
	{
		return 62;
	}
	else if(digit == '/')
	{
		return 63;
	}
	return -1;
}

int str_base64_decode(void *dst_raw, int dst_size, const char *data)
{
	unsigned char *dst = (unsigned char *)dst_raw;
	int data_len = str_length(data);

	int i;
	int o = 0;

	if(data_len % 4 != 0)
	{
		return -3;
	}
	if(data_len / 4 * 3 > dst_size)
	{
		// Output buffer too small.
		return -2;
	}
	for(i = 0; i < data_len; i += 4)
	{
		int num_output_bytes = 3;
		char copy[4];
		int d[4];
		int value;
		int b;
		mem_copy(copy, data + i, sizeof(copy));
		if(i == data_len - 4)
		{
			if(copy[3] == '=')
			{
				copy[3] = 'A';
				num_output_bytes = 2;
				if(copy[2] == '=')
				{
					copy[2] = 'A';
					num_output_bytes = 1;
				}
			}
		}
		d[0] = base64_digit_value(copy[0]);
		d[1] = base64_digit_value(copy[1]);
		d[2] = base64_digit_value(copy[2]);
		d[3] = base64_digit_value(copy[3]);
		if(d[0] == -1 || d[1] == -1 || d[2] == -1 || d[3] == -1)
		{
			// Invalid digit.
			return -1;
		}
		value = (d[0] << 18) | (d[1] << 12) | (d[2] << 6) | d[3];
		for(b = 0; b < 3; b++)
		{
			unsigned char byte_value = (value >> (16 - 8 * b)) & 0xff;
			if(b < num_output_bytes)
			{
				dst[o] = byte_value;
				o += 1;
			}
			else
			{
				if(byte_value != 0)
				{
					// Padding not zeroed.
					return -2;
				}
			}
		}
	}
	return o;
}

#ifdef __GNUC__
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wformat-nonliteral"
#endif
void str_timestamp_ex(time_t time_data, char *buffer, int buffer_size, const char *format)
{
	struct tm *time_info;
	time_info = localtime(&time_data);
	strftime(buffer, buffer_size, format, time_info);
	buffer[buffer_size - 1] = 0; /* assure null termination */
}

void str_timestamp_format(char *buffer, int buffer_size, const char *format)
{
	time_t time_data;
	time(&time_data);
	str_timestamp_ex(time_data, buffer, buffer_size, format);
}

void str_timestamp(char *buffer, int buffer_size)
{
	str_timestamp_format(buffer, buffer_size, FORMAT_NOSPACE);
}
#ifdef __GNUC__
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
#endif

int str_time(int64_t centisecs, int format, char *buffer, int buffer_size)
{
	const int sec = 100;
	const int min = 60 * sec;
	const int hour = 60 * min;
	const int day = 24 * hour;

	if(buffer_size <= 0)
		return -1;

	if(centisecs < 0)
		centisecs = 0;

	buffer[0] = 0;

	switch(format)
	{
	case TIME_DAYS:
		if(centisecs >= day)
			return str_format(buffer, buffer_size, "%" PRId64 "d %02" PRId64 ":%02" PRId64 ":%02" PRId64, centisecs / day,
				(centisecs % day) / hour, (centisecs % hour) / min, (centisecs % min) / sec);
		// fall through
	case TIME_HOURS:
		if(centisecs >= hour)
			return str_format(buffer, buffer_size, "%02" PRId64 ":%02" PRId64 ":%02" PRId64, centisecs / hour,
				(centisecs % hour) / min, (centisecs % min) / sec);
		// fall through
	case TIME_MINS:
		return str_format(buffer, buffer_size, "%02" PRId64 ":%02" PRId64, centisecs / min,
			(centisecs % min) / sec);
	case TIME_HOURS_CENTISECS:
		if(centisecs >= hour)
			return str_format(buffer, buffer_size, "%02" PRId64 ":%02" PRId64 ":%02" PRId64 ".%02" PRId64, centisecs / hour,
				(centisecs % hour) / min, (centisecs % min) / sec, centisecs % sec);
		// fall through
	case TIME_MINS_CENTISECS:
		return str_format(buffer, buffer_size, "%02" PRId64 ":%02" PRId64 ".%02" PRId64, centisecs / min,
			(centisecs % min) / sec, centisecs % sec);
	}

	return -1;
}

int str_time_float(float secs, int format, char *buffer, int buffer_size)
{
	return str_time(llroundf(secs * 100), format, buffer, buffer_size);
}

void str_escape(char **dst, const char *src, const char *end)
{
	while(*src && *dst + 1 < end)
	{
		if(*src == '"' || *src == '\\') // escape \ and "
		{
			if(*dst + 2 < end)
				*(*dst)++ = '\\';
			else
				break;
		}
		*(*dst)++ = *src++;
	}
	**dst = 0;
}

int mem_comp(const void *a, const void *b, int size)
{
	return memcmp(a, b, size);
}

int mem_has_null(const void *block, unsigned size)
{
	const unsigned char *bytes = (const unsigned char *)block;
	unsigned i;
	for(i = 0; i < size; i++)
	{
		if(bytes[i] == 0)
		{
			return 1;
		}
	}
	return 0;
}

void net_stats(NETSTATS *stats_inout)
{
	*stats_inout = network_stats;
}

int str_isspace(char c) { return c == ' ' || c == '\n' || c == '\t'; }

char str_uppercase(char c)
{
	if(c >= 'a' && c <= 'z')
		return 'A' + (c - 'a');
	return c;
}

int str_isallnum(const char *str)
{
	while(*str)
	{
		if(!(*str >= '0' && *str <= '9'))
			return 0;
		str++;
	}
	return 1;
}

int str_toint(const char *str) { return atoi(str); }
int str_toint_base(const char *str, int base) { return strtol(str, NULL, base); }
unsigned long str_toulong_base(const char *str, int base) { return strtoul(str, NULL, base); }
float str_tofloat(const char *str) { return atof(str); }

int str_utf8_comp_nocase(const char *a, const char *b)
{
	int code_a;
	int code_b;

	while(*a && *b)
	{
		code_a = str_utf8_tolower(str_utf8_decode(&a));
		code_b = str_utf8_tolower(str_utf8_decode(&b));

		if(code_a != code_b)
			return code_a - code_b;
	}
	return (unsigned char)*a - (unsigned char)*b;
}

int str_utf8_comp_nocase_num(const char *a, const char *b, int num)
{
	int code_a;
	int code_b;
	const char *old_a = a;

	if(num <= 0)
		return 0;

	while(*a && *b)
	{
		code_a = str_utf8_tolower(str_utf8_decode(&a));
		code_b = str_utf8_tolower(str_utf8_decode(&b));

		if(code_a != code_b)
			return code_a - code_b;

		if(a - old_a >= num)
			return 0;
	}

	return (unsigned char)*a - (unsigned char)*b;
}

const char *str_utf8_find_nocase(const char *haystack, const char *needle)
{
	while(*haystack) /* native implementation */
	{
		const char *a = haystack;
		const char *b = needle;
		const char *a_next = a;
		const char *b_next = b;
		while(*a && *b && str_utf8_tolower(str_utf8_decode(&a_next)) == str_utf8_tolower(str_utf8_decode(&b_next)))
		{
			a = a_next;
			b = b_next;
		}
		if(!(*b))
			return haystack;
		str_utf8_decode(&haystack);
	}

	return 0;
}

int str_utf8_isspace(int code)
{
	return code <= 0x0020 || code == 0x0085 || code == 0x00A0 || code == 0x034F ||
	       code == 0x115F || code == 0x1160 || code == 0x1680 || code == 0x180E ||
	       (code >= 0x2000 && code <= 0x200F) || (code >= 0x2028 && code <= 0x202F) ||
	       (code >= 0x205F && code <= 0x2064) || (code >= 0x206A && code <= 0x206F) ||
	       code == 0x2800 || code == 0x3000 || code == 0x3164 ||
	       (code >= 0xFE00 && code <= 0xFE0F) || code == 0xFEFF || code == 0xFFA0 ||
	       (code >= 0xFFF9 && code <= 0xFFFC);
}

const char *str_utf8_skip_whitespaces(const char *str)
{
	const char *str_old;
	int code;

	while(*str)
	{
		str_old = str;
		code = str_utf8_decode(&str);

		// check if unicode is not empty
		if(!str_utf8_isspace(code))
		{
			return str_old;
		}
	}

	return str;
}

void str_utf8_trim_right(char *param)
{
	const char *str = param;
	char *end = 0;
	while(*str)
	{
		char *str_old = (char *)str;
		int code = str_utf8_decode(&str);

		// check if unicode is not empty
		if(!str_utf8_isspace(code))
		{
			end = 0;
		}
		else if(!end)
		{
			end = str_old;
		}
	}
	if(end)
	{
		*end = 0;
	}
}

int str_utf8_isstart(char c)
{
	if((c & 0xC0) == 0x80) /* 10xxxxxx */
		return 0;
	return 1;
}

int str_utf8_rewind(const char *str, int cursor)
{
	while(cursor)
	{
		cursor--;
		if(str_utf8_isstart(*(str + cursor)))
			break;
	}
	return cursor;
}

int str_utf8_fix_truncation(char *str)
{
	int len = str_length(str);
	if(len > 0)
	{
		int last_char_index = str_utf8_rewind(str, len);
		const char *last_char = str + last_char_index;
		// Fix truncated UTF-8.
		if(str_utf8_decode(&last_char) == -1)
		{
			str[last_char_index] = 0;
			return last_char_index;
		}
	}
	return len;
}

int str_utf8_forward(const char *str, int cursor)
{
	const char *ptr = str + cursor;
	if(str_utf8_decode(&ptr) == 0)
	{
		return cursor;
	}
	return ptr - str;
}

int str_utf8_encode(char *ptr, int chr)
{
	/* encode */
	if(chr <= 0x7F)
	{
		ptr[0] = (char)chr;
		return 1;
	}
	else if(chr <= 0x7FF)
	{
		ptr[0] = 0xC0 | ((chr >> 6) & 0x1F);
		ptr[1] = 0x80 | (chr & 0x3F);
		return 2;
	}
	else if(chr <= 0xFFFF)
	{
		ptr[0] = 0xE0 | ((chr >> 12) & 0x0F);
		ptr[1] = 0x80 | ((chr >> 6) & 0x3F);
		ptr[2] = 0x80 | (chr & 0x3F);
		return 3;
	}
	else if(chr <= 0x10FFFF)
	{
		ptr[0] = 0xF0 | ((chr >> 18) & 0x07);
		ptr[1] = 0x80 | ((chr >> 12) & 0x3F);
		ptr[2] = 0x80 | ((chr >> 6) & 0x3F);
		ptr[3] = 0x80 | (chr & 0x3F);
		return 4;
	}

	return 0;
}

static unsigned char str_byte_next(const char **ptr)
{
	unsigned char byte = **ptr;
	(*ptr)++;
	return byte;
}

static void str_byte_rewind(const char **ptr)
{
	(*ptr)--;
}

int str_utf8_decode(const char **ptr)
{
	// As per https://encoding.spec.whatwg.org/#utf-8-decoder.
	unsigned char utf8_lower_boundary = 0x80;
	unsigned char utf8_upper_boundary = 0xBF;
	int utf8_code_point = 0;
	int utf8_bytes_seen = 0;
	int utf8_bytes_needed = 0;
	while(true)
	{
		unsigned char byte = str_byte_next(ptr);
		if(utf8_bytes_needed == 0)
		{
			if(byte <= 0x7F)
			{
				return byte;
			}
			else if(0xC2 <= byte && byte <= 0xDF)
			{
				utf8_bytes_needed = 1;
				utf8_code_point = byte - 0xC0;
			}
			else if(0xE0 <= byte && byte <= 0xEF)
			{
				if(byte == 0xE0)
					utf8_lower_boundary = 0xA0;
				if(byte == 0xED)
					utf8_upper_boundary = 0x9F;
				utf8_bytes_needed = 2;
				utf8_code_point = byte - 0xE0;
			}
			else if(0xF0 <= byte && byte <= 0xF4)
			{
				if(byte == 0xF0)
					utf8_lower_boundary = 0x90;
				if(byte == 0xF4)
					utf8_upper_boundary = 0x8F;
				utf8_bytes_needed = 3;
				utf8_code_point = byte - 0xF0;
			}
			else
			{
				return -1; // Error.
			}
			utf8_code_point = utf8_code_point << (6 * utf8_bytes_needed);
			continue;
		}
		if(!(utf8_lower_boundary <= byte && byte <= utf8_upper_boundary))
		{
			// Resetting variables not necessary, will be done when
			// the function is called again.
			str_byte_rewind(ptr);
			return -1;
		}
		utf8_lower_boundary = 0x80;
		utf8_upper_boundary = 0xBF;
		utf8_bytes_seen += 1;
		utf8_code_point = utf8_code_point + ((byte - 0x80) << (6 * (utf8_bytes_needed - utf8_bytes_seen)));
		if(utf8_bytes_seen != utf8_bytes_needed)
		{
			continue;
		}
		// Resetting variables not necessary, see above.
		return utf8_code_point;
	}
}

int str_utf8_check(const char *str)
{
	int codepoint;
	while((codepoint = str_utf8_decode(&str)))
	{
		if(codepoint == -1)
		{
			return 0;
		}
	}
	return 1;
}

void str_utf8_stats(const char *str, int max_size, int max_count, int *size, int *count)
{
	const char *cursor = str;
	*size = 0;
	*count = 0;
	while(*size < max_size && *count < max_count)
	{
		if(str_utf8_decode(&cursor) == 0)
		{
			break;
		}
		if(cursor - str >= max_size)
		{
			break;
		}
		*size = cursor - str;
		++(*count);
	}
}

unsigned str_quickhash(const char *str)
{
	unsigned hash = 5381;
	for(; *str; str++)
		hash = ((hash << 5) + hash) + (*str); /* hash * 33 + c */
	return hash;
}

static const char *str_token_get(const char *str, const char *delim, int *length)
{
	size_t len = strspn(str, delim);
	if(len > 1)
		str++;
	else
		str += len;
	if(!*str)
		return NULL;

	*length = strcspn(str, delim);
	return str;
}

int str_in_list(const char *list, const char *delim, const char *needle)
{
	const char *tok = list;
	int len = 0, notfound = 1, needlelen = str_length(needle);

	while(notfound && (tok = str_token_get(tok, delim, &len)))
	{
		notfound = needlelen != len || str_comp_num(tok, needle, len);
		tok = tok + len;
	}

	return !notfound;
}

const char *str_next_token(const char *str, const char *delim, char *buffer, int buffer_size)
{
	int len = 0;
	const char *tok = str_token_get(str, delim, &len);
	if(len < 0 || tok == NULL)
	{
		buffer[0] = '\0';
		return NULL;
	}

	len = buffer_size > len ? len : buffer_size - 1;
	mem_copy(buffer, tok, len);
	buffer[len] = '\0';

	return tok + len;
}

int bytes_be_to_int(const unsigned char *bytes)
{
	int Result;
	unsigned char *pResult = (unsigned char *)&Result;
	for(unsigned i = 0; i < sizeof(int); i++)
	{
#if defined(CONF_ARCH_ENDIAN_BIG)
		pResult[i] = bytes[i];
#else
		pResult[i] = bytes[sizeof(int) - i - 1];
#endif
	}
	return Result;
}

void int_to_bytes_be(unsigned char *bytes, int value)
{
	const unsigned char *pValue = (const unsigned char *)&value;
	for(unsigned i = 0; i < sizeof(int); i++)
	{
#if defined(CONF_ARCH_ENDIAN_BIG)
		bytes[i] = pValue[i];
#else
		bytes[sizeof(int) - i - 1] = pValue[i];
#endif
	}
}

unsigned bytes_be_to_uint(const unsigned char *bytes)
{
	return ((bytes[0] & 0xffu) << 24u) | ((bytes[1] & 0xffu) << 16u) | ((bytes[2] & 0xffu) << 8u) | (bytes[3] & 0xffu);
}

void uint_to_bytes_be(unsigned char *bytes, unsigned value)
{
	bytes[0] = (value >> 24u) & 0xffu;
	bytes[1] = (value >> 16u) & 0xffu;
	bytes[2] = (value >> 8u) & 0xffu;
	bytes[3] = value & 0xffu;
}

int pid()
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	return _getpid();
#else
	return getpid();
#endif
}

void cmdline_fix(int *argc, const char ***argv)
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	int wide_argc = 0;
	WCHAR **wide_argv = CommandLineToArgvW(GetCommandLineW(), &wide_argc);
	dbg_assert(wide_argv != NULL, "CommandLineToArgvW failure");

	int total_size = 0;

	for(int i = 0; i < wide_argc; i++)
	{
		int size = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wide_argv[i], -1, NULL, 0, NULL, NULL);
		dbg_assert(size != 0, "WideCharToMultiByte failure");
		total_size += size;
	}

	char **new_argv = (char **)malloc((wide_argc + 1) * sizeof(*new_argv));
	new_argv[0] = (char *)malloc(total_size);
	mem_zero(new_argv[0], total_size);

	int remaining_size = total_size;
	for(int i = 0; i < wide_argc; i++)
	{
		int size = WideCharToMultiByte(CP_UTF8, 0, wide_argv[i], -1, new_argv[i], remaining_size, NULL, NULL);
		dbg_assert(size != 0, "WideCharToMultiByte failure");

		remaining_size -= size;
		new_argv[i + 1] = new_argv[i] + size;
	}

	new_argv[wide_argc] = 0;
	*argc = wide_argc;
	*argv = (const char **)new_argv;
#endif
}

void cmdline_free(int argc, const char **argv)
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	free((void *)*argv);
	free((char **)argv);
#endif
}

PROCESS shell_execute(const char *file)
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	WCHAR wBuffer[512];
	MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, file, -1, wBuffer, std::size(wBuffer));
	SHELLEXECUTEINFOW info;
	mem_zero(&info, sizeof(SHELLEXECUTEINFOW));
	info.cbSize = sizeof(SHELLEXECUTEINFOW);
	info.lpVerb = L"open";
	info.lpFile = wBuffer;
	info.nShow = SW_SHOWMINNOACTIVE;
	info.fMask = SEE_MASK_NOCLOSEPROCESS;
	ShellExecuteExW(&info);
	return info.hProcess;
#elif defined(CONF_FAMILY_UNIX)
	char *argv[2];
	pid_t pid;
	argv[0] = (char *)file;
	argv[1] = NULL;
	pid = fork();
	if(pid == -1)
	{
		return 0;
	}
	if(pid == 0)
	{
		execv(file, argv);
		_exit(1);
	}
	return pid;
#endif
}

int kill_process(PROCESS process)
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	return TerminateProcess(process, 0);
#elif defined(CONF_FAMILY_UNIX)
	int status;
	kill(process, SIGTERM);
	return !waitpid(process, &status, 0);
#endif
}

int open_link(const char *link)
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	WCHAR wBuffer[512];
	MultiByteToWideChar(CP_UTF8, 0, link, -1, wBuffer, std::size(wBuffer));
	return (uintptr_t)ShellExecuteW(NULL, L"open", wBuffer, NULL, NULL, SW_SHOWDEFAULT) > 32;
#elif defined(CONF_PLATFORM_LINUX)
	const int pid = fork();
	if(pid == 0)
		execlp("xdg-open", "xdg-open", link, nullptr);
	return pid > 0;
#elif defined(CONF_FAMILY_UNIX)
	const int pid = fork();
	if(pid == 0)
		execlp("open", "open", link, nullptr);
	return pid > 0;
#endif
}

int open_file(const char *path)
{
#if defined(CONF_PLATFORM_MACOS)
	return open_link(path);
#else
	char buf[512];
	str_format(buf, sizeof(buf), "file://%s", path);
	return open_link(buf);
#endif
}

struct SECURE_RANDOM_DATA
{
	int initialized;
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	HCRYPTPROV provider;
#else
	IOHANDLE urandom;
#endif
};

static struct SECURE_RANDOM_DATA secure_random_data = {0};

int secure_random_init()
{
	if(secure_random_data.initialized)
	{
		return 0;
	}
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	if(CryptAcquireContext(&secure_random_data.provider, NULL, NULL, PROV_RSA_FULL, CRYPT_VERIFYCONTEXT))
	{
		secure_random_data.initialized = 1;
		return 0;
	}
	else
	{
		return 1;
	}
#else
	secure_random_data.urandom = io_open("/dev/urandom", IOFLAG_READ);
	if(secure_random_data.urandom)
	{
		secure_random_data.initialized = 1;
		return 0;
	}
	else
	{
		return 1;
	}
#endif
}

int secure_random_uninit()
{
	if(!secure_random_data.initialized)
	{
		return 0;
	}
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	if(CryptReleaseContext(secure_random_data.provider, 0))
	{
		secure_random_data.initialized = 0;
		return 0;
	}
	else
	{
		return 1;
	}
#else
	if(!io_close(secure_random_data.urandom))
	{
		secure_random_data.initialized = 0;
		return 0;
	}
	else
	{
		return 1;
	}
#endif
}

void generate_password(char *buffer, unsigned length, unsigned short *random, unsigned random_length)
{
	static const char VALUES[] = "ABCDEFGHKLMNPRSTUVWXYZabcdefghjkmnopqt23456789";
	static const size_t NUM_VALUES = sizeof(VALUES) - 1; // Disregard the '\0'.
	unsigned i;
	dbg_assert(length >= random_length * 2 + 1, "too small buffer");
	dbg_assert(NUM_VALUES * NUM_VALUES >= 2048, "need at least 2048 possibilities for 2-character sequences");

	buffer[random_length * 2] = 0;

	for(i = 0; i < random_length; i++)
	{
		unsigned short random_number = random[i] % 2048;
		buffer[2 * i + 0] = VALUES[random_number / NUM_VALUES];
		buffer[2 * i + 1] = VALUES[random_number % NUM_VALUES];
	}
}

#define MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH 128

void secure_random_password(char *buffer, unsigned length, unsigned pw_length)
{
	unsigned short random[MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH / 2];
	// With 6 characters, we get a password entropy of log(2048) * 6/2 = 33bit.
	dbg_assert(length >= pw_length + 1, "too small buffer");
	dbg_assert(pw_length >= 6, "too small password length");
	dbg_assert(pw_length % 2 == 0, "need an even password length");
	dbg_assert(pw_length <= MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH, "too large password length");

	secure_random_fill(random, pw_length);

	generate_password(buffer, length, random, pw_length / 2);
}

#undef MAX_PASSWORD_LENGTH

void secure_random_fill(void *bytes, unsigned length)
{
	if(!secure_random_data.initialized)
	{
		dbg_msg("secure", "called secure_random_fill before secure_random_init");
		dbg_break();
	}
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	if(!CryptGenRandom(secure_random_data.provider, length, (unsigned char *)bytes))
	{
		dbg_msg("secure", "CryptGenRandom failed, last_error=%ld", GetLastError());
		dbg_break();
	}
#else
	if(length != io_read(secure_random_data.urandom, bytes, length))
	{
		dbg_msg("secure", "io_read returned with a short read");
		dbg_break();
	}
#endif
}

int secure_rand()
{
	unsigned int i;
	secure_random_fill(&i, sizeof(i));
	return (int)(i % RAND_MAX);
}

// From https://graphics.stanford.edu/~seander/bithacks.html#RoundUpPowerOf2.
static unsigned int find_next_power_of_two_minus_one(unsigned int n)
{
	n--;
	n |= n >> 1;
	n |= n >> 2;
	n |= n >> 4;
	n |= n >> 4;
	n |= n >> 16;
	return n;
}

int secure_rand_below(int below)
{
	unsigned int mask = find_next_power_of_two_minus_one(below);
	dbg_assert(below > 0, "below must be positive");
	while(true)
	{
		unsigned int n;
		secure_random_fill(&n, sizeof(n));
		n &= mask;
		if((int)n < below)
		{
			return n;
		}
	}
}

int os_version_str(char *version, int length)
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	const char *DLL = "C:\\Windows\\System32\\user32.dll";
	DWORD handle;
	DWORD size = GetFileVersionInfoSizeA(DLL, &handle);
	if(!size)
	{
		return 1;
	}
	void *data = malloc(size);
	if(!GetFileVersionInfoA(DLL, handle, size, data))
	{
		free(data);
		return 1;
	}
	VS_FIXEDFILEINFO *fileinfo;
	UINT unused;
	if(!VerQueryValueA(data, "\\", (void **)&fileinfo, &unused))
	{
		free(data);
		return 1;
	}
	str_format(version, length, "Windows %d.%d.%d.%d",
		HIWORD(fileinfo->dwProductVersionMS),
		LOWORD(fileinfo->dwProductVersionMS),
		HIWORD(fileinfo->dwProductVersionLS),
		LOWORD(fileinfo->dwProductVersionLS));
	free(data);
	return 0;
#else
	struct utsname u;
	if(uname(&u))
	{
		return 1;
	}
	char extra[128];
	extra[0] = 0;

	do
	{
		IOHANDLE os_release = io_open("/etc/os-release", IOFLAG_READ);
		char buf[4096];
		int read;
		int offset;
		char *newline;
		if(!os_release)
		{
			break;
		}
		read = io_read(os_release, buf, sizeof(buf) - 1);
		io_close(os_release);
		buf[read] = 0;
		if(str_startswith(buf, "PRETTY_NAME="))
		{
			offset = 0;
		}
		else
		{
			const char *found = str_find(buf, "\nPRETTY_NAME=");
			if(!found)
			{
				break;
			}
			offset = found - buf + 1;
		}
		newline = (char *)str_find(buf + offset, "\n");
		if(newline)
		{
			*newline = 0;
		}
		str_format(extra, sizeof(extra), "; %s", buf + offset + 12);
	} while(false);

	str_format(version, length, "%s %s (%s, %s)%s", u.sysname, u.release, u.machine, u.version, extra);
	return 0;
#endif
}

#if defined(CONF_EXCEPTION_HANDLING)
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
static HMODULE exception_handling_module = nullptr;
#endif

void init_exception_handler()
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	exception_handling_module = LoadLibraryA("exchndl.dll");
	if(exception_handling_module != nullptr)
	{
		// Intentional
#ifdef __MINGW32__
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wcast-function-type"
#endif
		auto exc_hndl_init = (void APIENTRY (*)(void *))GetProcAddress(exception_handling_module, "ExcHndlInit");
#ifdef __MINGW32__
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
#endif
		void *exception_handling_offset = (void *)GetModuleHandle(NULL);
		exc_hndl_init(exception_handling_offset);
	}
#else
#error exception handling not implemented
#endif
}

void set_exception_handler_log_file(const char *log_file_path)
{
#if defined(CONF_FAMILY_WINDOWS)
	if(exception_handling_module != nullptr)
	{
		// Intentional
#ifdef __MINGW32__
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wcast-function-type"
#endif
		auto exception_log_file_path_func = (BOOL APIENTRY(*)(const char *))(GetProcAddress(exception_handling_module, "ExcHndlSetLogFileNameA"));
#ifdef __MINGW32__
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
#endif
		exception_log_file_path_func(log_file_path);
	}
#else
#error exception handling not implemented
#endif
}
#endif
}

std::chrono::nanoseconds time_get_nanoseconds()
{
	return std::chrono::nanoseconds(time_get_impl());
}

int net_socket_read_wait(NETSOCKET sock, std::chrono::nanoseconds nanoseconds)
{
	using namespace std::chrono_literals;
	return ::net_socket_read_wait(sock, (nanoseconds / std::chrono::nanoseconds(1us).count()).count());
}