Enum itertools::Either

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pub enum Either<L, R> {
    Left(L),
    Right(R),
}
Expand description

The enum Either with variants Left and Right is a general purpose sum type with two cases.

The Either type is symmetric and treats its variants the same way, without preference. (For representing success or error, use the regular Result enum instead.)

Variants§

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Left(L)

A value of type L.

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Right(R)

A value of type R.

Implementations§

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impl<L, R> Either<L, R>

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pub fn is_left(&self) -> bool

Return true if the value is the Left variant.

use either::*;

let values = [Left(1), Right("the right value")];
assert_eq!(values[0].is_left(), true);
assert_eq!(values[1].is_left(), false);
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pub fn is_right(&self) -> bool

Return true if the value is the Right variant.

use either::*;

let values = [Left(1), Right("the right value")];
assert_eq!(values[0].is_right(), false);
assert_eq!(values[1].is_right(), true);
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pub fn left(self) -> Option<L>

Convert the left side of Either<L, R> to an Option<L>.

use either::*;

let left: Either<_, ()> = Left("some value");
assert_eq!(left.left(),  Some("some value"));

let right: Either<(), _> = Right(321);
assert_eq!(right.left(), None);
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pub fn right(self) -> Option<R>

Convert the right side of Either<L, R> to an Option<R>.

use either::*;

let left: Either<_, ()> = Left("some value");
assert_eq!(left.right(),  None);

let right: Either<(), _> = Right(321);
assert_eq!(right.right(), Some(321));
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pub fn as_ref(&self) -> Either<&L, &R>

Convert &Either<L, R> to Either<&L, &R>.

use either::*;

let left: Either<_, ()> = Left("some value");
assert_eq!(left.as_ref(), Left(&"some value"));

let right: Either<(), _> = Right("some value");
assert_eq!(right.as_ref(), Right(&"some value"));
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pub fn as_mut(&mut self) -> Either<&mut L, &mut R>

Convert &mut Either<L, R> to Either<&mut L, &mut R>.

use either::*;

fn mutate_left(value: &mut Either<u32, u32>) {
    if let Some(l) = value.as_mut().left() {
        *l = 999;
    }
}

let mut left = Left(123);
let mut right = Right(123);
mutate_left(&mut left);
mutate_left(&mut right);
assert_eq!(left, Left(999));
assert_eq!(right, Right(123));
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pub fn as_pin_ref(self: Pin<&Either<L, R>>) -> Either<Pin<&L>, Pin<&R>>

Convert Pin<&Either<L, R>> to Either<Pin<&L>, Pin<&R>>, pinned projections of the inner variants.

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pub fn as_pin_mut( self: Pin<&mut Either<L, R>>, ) -> Either<Pin<&mut L>, Pin<&mut R>>

Convert Pin<&mut Either<L, R>> to Either<Pin<&mut L>, Pin<&mut R>>, pinned projections of the inner variants.

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pub fn flip(self) -> Either<R, L>

Convert Either<L, R> to Either<R, L>.

use either::*;

let left: Either<_, ()> = Left(123);
assert_eq!(left.flip(), Right(123));

let right: Either<(), _> = Right("some value");
assert_eq!(right.flip(), Left("some value"));
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pub fn map_left<F, M>(self, f: F) -> Either<M, R>
where F: FnOnce(L) -> M,

Apply the function f on the value in the Left variant if it is present rewrapping the result in Left.

use either::*;

let left: Either<_, u32> = Left(123);
assert_eq!(left.map_left(|x| x * 2), Left(246));

let right: Either<u32, _> = Right(123);
assert_eq!(right.map_left(|x| x * 2), Right(123));
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pub fn map_right<F, S>(self, f: F) -> Either<L, S>
where F: FnOnce(R) -> S,

Apply the function f on the value in the Right variant if it is present rewrapping the result in Right.

use either::*;

let left: Either<_, u32> = Left(123);
assert_eq!(left.map_right(|x| x * 2), Left(123));

let right: Either<u32, _> = Right(123);
assert_eq!(right.map_right(|x| x * 2), Right(246));
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pub fn map_either<F, G, M, S>(self, f: F, g: G) -> Either<M, S>
where F: FnOnce(L) -> M, G: FnOnce(R) -> S,

Apply the functions f and g to the Left and Right variants respectively. This is equivalent to bimap in functional programming.

use either::*;

let f = |s: String| s.len();
let g = |u: u8| u.to_string();

let left: Either<String, u8> = Left("loopy".into());
assert_eq!(left.map_either(f, g), Left(5));

let right: Either<String, u8> = Right(42);
assert_eq!(right.map_either(f, g), Right("42".into()));
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pub fn map_either_with<Ctx, F, G, M, S>( self, ctx: Ctx, f: F, g: G, ) -> Either<M, S>
where F: FnOnce(Ctx, L) -> M, G: FnOnce(Ctx, R) -> S,

Similar to map_either, with an added context ctx accessible to both functions.

use either::*;

let mut sum = 0;

// Both closures want to update the same value, so pass it as context.
let mut f = |sum: &mut usize, s: String| { *sum += s.len(); s.to_uppercase() };
let mut g = |sum: &mut usize, u: usize| { *sum += u; u.to_string() };

let left: Either<String, usize> = Left("loopy".into());
assert_eq!(left.map_either_with(&mut sum, &mut f, &mut g), Left("LOOPY".into()));

let right: Either<String, usize> = Right(42);
assert_eq!(right.map_either_with(&mut sum, &mut f, &mut g), Right("42".into()));

assert_eq!(sum, 47);
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pub fn either<F, G, T>(self, f: F, g: G) -> T
where F: FnOnce(L) -> T, G: FnOnce(R) -> T,

Apply one of two functions depending on contents, unifying their result. If the value is Left(L) then the first function f is applied; if it is Right(R) then the second function g is applied.

use either::*;

fn square(n: u32) -> i32 { (n * n) as i32 }
fn negate(n: i32) -> i32 { -n }

let left: Either<u32, i32> = Left(4);
assert_eq!(left.either(square, negate), 16);

let right: Either<u32, i32> = Right(-4);
assert_eq!(right.either(square, negate), 4);
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pub fn either_with<Ctx, F, G, T>(self, ctx: Ctx, f: F, g: G) -> T
where F: FnOnce(Ctx, L) -> T, G: FnOnce(Ctx, R) -> T,

Like either, but provide some context to whichever of the functions ends up being called.

// In this example, the context is a mutable reference
use either::*;

let mut result = Vec::new();

let values = vec![Left(2), Right(2.7)];

for value in values {
    value.either_with(&mut result,
                      |ctx, integer| ctx.push(integer),
                      |ctx, real| ctx.push(f64::round(real) as i32));
}

assert_eq!(result, vec![2, 3]);
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pub fn left_and_then<F, S>(self, f: F) -> Either<S, R>
where F: FnOnce(L) -> Either<S, R>,

Apply the function f on the value in the Left variant if it is present.

use either::*;

let left: Either<_, u32> = Left(123);
assert_eq!(left.left_and_then::<_,()>(|x| Right(x * 2)), Right(246));

let right: Either<u32, _> = Right(123);
assert_eq!(right.left_and_then(|x| Right::<(), _>(x * 2)), Right(123));
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pub fn right_and_then<F, S>(self, f: F) -> Either<L, S>
where F: FnOnce(R) -> Either<L, S>,

Apply the function f on the value in the Right variant if it is present.

use either::*;

let left: Either<_, u32> = Left(123);
assert_eq!(left.right_and_then(|x| Right(x * 2)), Left(123));

let right: Either<u32, _> = Right(123);
assert_eq!(right.right_and_then(|x| Right(x * 2)), Right(246));
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pub fn into_iter( self, ) -> Either<<L as IntoIterator>::IntoIter, <R as IntoIterator>::IntoIter>
where L: IntoIterator, R: IntoIterator<Item = <L as IntoIterator>::Item>,

Convert the inner value to an iterator.

This requires the Left and Right iterators to have the same item type. See factor_into_iter to iterate different types.

use either::*;

let left: Either<_, Vec<u32>> = Left(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
let mut right: Either<Vec<u32>, _> = Right(vec![]);
right.extend(left.into_iter());
assert_eq!(right, Right(vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5]));
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pub fn iter( &self, ) -> Either<<&L as IntoIterator>::IntoIter, <&R as IntoIterator>::IntoIter>
where &'a L: for<'a> IntoIterator, &'a R: for<'a> IntoIterator<Item = <&'a L as IntoIterator>::Item>,

Borrow the inner value as an iterator.

This requires the Left and Right iterators to have the same item type. See factor_iter to iterate different types.

use either::*;

let left: Either<_, &[u32]> = Left(vec![2, 3]);
let mut right: Either<Vec<u32>, _> = Right(&[4, 5][..]);
let mut all = vec![1];
all.extend(left.iter());
all.extend(right.iter());
assert_eq!(all, vec![1, 2, 3, 4, 5]);
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pub fn iter_mut( &mut self, ) -> Either<<&mut L as IntoIterator>::IntoIter, <&mut R as IntoIterator>::IntoIter>
where &'a mut L: for<'a> IntoIterator, &'a mut R: for<'a> IntoIterator<Item = <&'a mut L as IntoIterator>::Item>,

Mutably borrow the inner value as an iterator.

This requires the Left and Right iterators to have the same item type. See factor_iter_mut to iterate different types.

use either::*;

let mut left: Either<_, &mut [u32]> = Left(vec![2, 3]);
for l in left.iter_mut() {
    *l *= *l
}
assert_eq!(left, Left(vec![4, 9]));

let mut inner = [4, 5];
let mut right: Either<Vec<u32>, _> = Right(&mut inner[..]);
for r in right.iter_mut() {
    *r *= *r
}
assert_eq!(inner, [16, 25]);
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pub fn factor_into_iter( self, ) -> IterEither<<L as IntoIterator>::IntoIter, <R as IntoIterator>::IntoIter>

Converts an Either of Iterators to be an Iterator of Eithers

Unlike into_iter, this does not require the Left and Right iterators to have the same item type.

use either::*;
let left: Either<_, Vec<u8>> = Left(&["hello"]);
assert_eq!(left.factor_into_iter().next(), Some(Left(&"hello")));
let right: Either<&[&str], _> = Right(vec![0, 1]);
assert_eq!(right.factor_into_iter().collect::<Vec<_>>(), vec![Right(0), Right(1)]);
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pub fn factor_iter( &self, ) -> IterEither<<&L as IntoIterator>::IntoIter, <&R as IntoIterator>::IntoIter>
where &'a L: for<'a> IntoIterator, &'a R: for<'a> IntoIterator,

Borrows an Either of Iterators to be an Iterator of Eithers

Unlike iter, this does not require the Left and Right iterators to have the same item type.

use either::*;
let left: Either<_, Vec<u8>> = Left(["hello"]);
assert_eq!(left.factor_iter().next(), Some(Left(&"hello")));
let right: Either<[&str; 2], _> = Right(vec![0, 1]);
assert_eq!(right.factor_iter().collect::<Vec<_>>(), vec![Right(&0), Right(&1)]);
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pub fn factor_iter_mut( &mut self, ) -> IterEither<<&mut L as IntoIterator>::IntoIter, <&mut R as IntoIterator>::IntoIter>
where &'a mut L: for<'a> IntoIterator, &'a mut R: for<'a> IntoIterator,

Mutably borrows an Either of Iterators to be an Iterator of Eithers

Unlike iter_mut, this does not require the Left and Right iterators to have the same item type.

use either::*;
let mut left: Either<_, Vec<u8>> = Left(["hello"]);
left.factor_iter_mut().for_each(|x| *x.unwrap_left() = "goodbye");
assert_eq!(left, Left(["goodbye"]));
let mut right: Either<[&str; 2], _> = Right(vec![0, 1, 2]);
right.factor_iter_mut().for_each(|x| if let Right(r) = x { *r = -*r; });
assert_eq!(right, Right(vec![0, -1, -2]));
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pub fn left_or(self, other: L) -> L

Return left value or given value

Arguments passed to left_or are eagerly evaluated; if you are passing the result of a function call, it is recommended to use left_or_else, which is lazily evaluated.

§Examples
let left: Either<&str, &str> = Left("left");
assert_eq!(left.left_or("foo"), "left");

let right: Either<&str, &str> = Right("right");
assert_eq!(right.left_or("left"), "left");
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pub fn left_or_default(self) -> L
where L: Default,

Return left or a default

§Examples
let left: Either<String, u32> = Left("left".to_string());
assert_eq!(left.left_or_default(), "left");

let right: Either<String, u32> = Right(42);
assert_eq!(right.left_or_default(), String::default());
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pub fn left_or_else<F>(self, f: F) -> L
where F: FnOnce(R) -> L,

Returns left value or computes it from a closure

§Examples
let left: Either<String, u32> = Left("3".to_string());
assert_eq!(left.left_or_else(|_| unreachable!()), "3");

let right: Either<String, u32> = Right(3);
assert_eq!(right.left_or_else(|x| x.to_string()), "3");
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pub fn right_or(self, other: R) -> R

Return right value or given value

Arguments passed to right_or are eagerly evaluated; if you are passing the result of a function call, it is recommended to use right_or_else, which is lazily evaluated.

§Examples
let right: Either<&str, &str> = Right("right");
assert_eq!(right.right_or("foo"), "right");

let left: Either<&str, &str> = Left("left");
assert_eq!(left.right_or("right"), "right");
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pub fn right_or_default(self) -> R
where R: Default,

Return right or a default

§Examples
let left: Either<String, u32> = Left("left".to_string());
assert_eq!(left.right_or_default(), u32::default());

let right: Either<String, u32> = Right(42);
assert_eq!(right.right_or_default(), 42);
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pub fn right_or_else<F>(self, f: F) -> R
where F: FnOnce(L) -> R,

Returns right value or computes it from a closure

§Examples
let left: Either<String, u32> = Left("3".to_string());
assert_eq!(left.right_or_else(|x| x.parse().unwrap()), 3);

let right: Either<String, u32> = Right(3);
assert_eq!(right.right_or_else(|_| unreachable!()), 3);
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pub fn unwrap_left(self) -> L
where R: Debug,

Returns the left value

§Examples
let left: Either<_, ()> = Left(3);
assert_eq!(left.unwrap_left(), 3);
§Panics

When Either is a Right value

let right: Either<(), _> = Right(3);
right.unwrap_left();
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pub fn unwrap_right(self) -> R
where L: Debug,

Returns the right value

§Examples
let right: Either<(), _> = Right(3);
assert_eq!(right.unwrap_right(), 3);
§Panics

When Either is a Left value

let left: Either<_, ()> = Left(3);
left.unwrap_right();
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pub fn expect_left(self, msg: &str) -> L
where R: Debug,

Returns the left value

§Examples
let left: Either<_, ()> = Left(3);
assert_eq!(left.expect_left("value was Right"), 3);
§Panics

When Either is a Right value

let right: Either<(), _> = Right(3);
right.expect_left("value was Right");
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pub fn expect_right(self, msg: &str) -> R
where L: Debug,

Returns the right value

§Examples
let right: Either<(), _> = Right(3);
assert_eq!(right.expect_right("value was Left"), 3);
§Panics

When Either is a Left value

let left: Either<_, ()> = Left(3);
left.expect_right("value was Right");
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pub fn either_into<T>(self) -> T
where L: Into<T>, R: Into<T>,

Convert the contained value into T

§Examples
// Both u16 and u32 can be converted to u64.
let left: Either<u16, u32> = Left(3u16);
assert_eq!(left.either_into::<u64>(), 3u64);
let right: Either<u16, u32> = Right(7u32);
assert_eq!(right.either_into::<u64>(), 7u64);
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impl<L, R> Either<Option<L>, Option<R>>

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pub fn factor_none(self) -> Option<Either<L, R>>

Factors out None from an Either of Option.

use either::*;
let left: Either<_, Option<String>> = Left(Some(vec![0]));
assert_eq!(left.factor_none(), Some(Left(vec![0])));

let right: Either<Option<Vec<u8>>, _> = Right(Some(String::new()));
assert_eq!(right.factor_none(), Some(Right(String::new())));
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impl<L, R, E> Either<Result<L, E>, Result<R, E>>

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pub fn factor_err(self) -> Result<Either<L, R>, E>

Factors out a homogenous type from an Either of Result.

Here, the homogeneous type is the Err type of the Result.

use either::*;
let left: Either<_, Result<String, u32>> = Left(Ok(vec![0]));
assert_eq!(left.factor_err(), Ok(Left(vec![0])));

let right: Either<Result<Vec<u8>, u32>, _> = Right(Ok(String::new()));
assert_eq!(right.factor_err(), Ok(Right(String::new())));
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impl<T, L, R> Either<Result<T, L>, Result<T, R>>

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pub fn factor_ok(self) -> Result<T, Either<L, R>>

Factors out a homogenous type from an Either of Result.

Here, the homogeneous type is the Ok type of the Result.

use either::*;
let left: Either<_, Result<u32, String>> = Left(Err(vec![0]));
assert_eq!(left.factor_ok(), Err(Left(vec![0])));

let right: Either<Result<u32, Vec<u8>>, _> = Right(Err(String::new()));
assert_eq!(right.factor_ok(), Err(Right(String::new())));
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impl<T, L, R> Either<(T, L), (T, R)>

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pub fn factor_first(self) -> (T, Either<L, R>)

Factor out a homogeneous type from an either of pairs.

Here, the homogeneous type is the first element of the pairs.

use either::*;
let left: Either<_, (u32, String)> = Left((123, vec![0]));
assert_eq!(left.factor_first().0, 123);

let right: Either<(u32, Vec<u8>), _> = Right((123, String::new()));
assert_eq!(right.factor_first().0, 123);
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impl<T, L, R> Either<(L, T), (R, T)>

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pub fn factor_second(self) -> (Either<L, R>, T)

Factor out a homogeneous type from an either of pairs.

Here, the homogeneous type is the second element of the pairs.

use either::*;
let left: Either<_, (String, u32)> = Left((vec![0], 123));
assert_eq!(left.factor_second().1, 123);

let right: Either<(Vec<u8>, u32), _> = Right((String::new(), 123));
assert_eq!(right.factor_second().1, 123);
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impl<T> Either<T, T>

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pub fn into_inner(self) -> T

Extract the value of an either over two equivalent types.

use either::*;

let left: Either<_, u32> = Left(123);
assert_eq!(left.into_inner(), 123);

let right: Either<u32, _> = Right(123);
assert_eq!(right.into_inner(), 123);
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pub fn map<F, M>(self, f: F) -> Either<M, M>
where F: FnOnce(T) -> M,

Map f over the contained value and return the result in the corresponding variant.

use either::*;

let value: Either<_, i32> = Right(42);

let other = value.map(|x| x * 2);
assert_eq!(other, Right(84));
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impl<L, R> Either<&L, &R>

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pub fn cloned(self) -> Either<L, R>
where L: Clone, R: Clone,

Maps an Either<&L, &R> to an Either<L, R> by cloning the contents of either branch.

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pub fn copied(self) -> Either<L, R>
where L: Copy, R: Copy,

Maps an Either<&L, &R> to an Either<L, R> by copying the contents of either branch.

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impl<L, R> Either<&mut L, &mut R>

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pub fn cloned(self) -> Either<L, R>
where L: Clone, R: Clone,

Maps an Either<&mut L, &mut R> to an Either<L, R> by cloning the contents of either branch.

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pub fn copied(self) -> Either<L, R>
where L: Copy, R: Copy,

Maps an Either<&mut L, &mut R> to an Either<L, R> by copying the contents of either branch.

Trait Implementations§

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impl<L, R, Target> AsMut<[Target]> for Either<L, R>
where L: AsMut<[Target]>, R: AsMut<[Target]>,

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fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut [Target]

Converts this type into a mutable reference of the (usually inferred) input type.
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impl<L, R> AsMut<CStr> for Either<L, R>
where L: AsMut<CStr>, R: AsMut<CStr>,

Requires crate feature use_std.

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fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut CStr

Converts this type into a mutable reference of the (usually inferred) input type.
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impl<L, R> AsMut<OsStr> for Either<L, R>
where L: AsMut<OsStr>, R: AsMut<OsStr>,

Requires crate feature use_std.

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fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut OsStr

Converts this type into a mutable reference of the (usually inferred) input type.
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impl<L, R> AsMut<Path> for Either<L, R>
where L: AsMut<Path>, R: AsMut<Path>,

Requires crate feature use_std.

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fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Path

Converts this type into a mutable reference of the (usually inferred) input type.
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impl<L, R, Target> AsMut<Target> for Either<L, R>
where L: AsMut<Target>, R: AsMut<Target>,

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fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut Target

Converts this type into a mutable reference of the (usually inferred) input type.
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impl<L, R> AsMut<str> for Either<L, R>
where L: AsMut<str>, R: AsMut<str>,

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fn as_mut(&mut self) -> &mut str

Converts this type into a mutable reference of the (usually inferred) input type.
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impl<L, R, Target> AsRef<[Target]> for Either<L, R>
where L: AsRef<[Target]>, R: AsRef<[Target]>,

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fn as_ref(&self) -> &[Target]

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.
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impl<L, R> AsRef<CStr> for Either<L, R>
where L: AsRef<CStr>, R: AsRef<CStr>,

Requires crate feature use_std.

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fn as_ref(&self) -> &CStr

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.
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impl<L, R> AsRef<OsStr> for Either<L, R>
where L: AsRef<OsStr>, R: AsRef<OsStr>,

Requires crate feature use_std.

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fn as_ref(&self) -> &OsStr

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.
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impl<L, R> AsRef<Path> for Either<L, R>
where L: AsRef<Path>, R: AsRef<Path>,

Requires crate feature use_std.

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fn as_ref(&self) -> &Path

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.
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impl<L, R, Target> AsRef<Target> for Either<L, R>
where L: AsRef<Target>, R: AsRef<Target>,

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fn as_ref(&self) -> &Target

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.
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impl<L, R> AsRef<str> for Either<L, R>
where L: AsRef<str>, R: AsRef<str>,

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fn as_ref(&self) -> &str

Converts this type into a shared reference of the (usually inferred) input type.
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impl<L, R> BufRead for Either<L, R>
where L: BufRead, R: BufRead,

Requires crate feature "use_std"

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fn fill_buf(&mut self) -> Result<&[u8], Error>

Returns the contents of the internal buffer, filling it with more data from the inner reader if it is empty. Read more
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fn consume(&mut self, amt: usize)

Tells this buffer that amt bytes have been consumed from the buffer, so they should no longer be returned in calls to read. Read more
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fn read_until(&mut self, byte: u8, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize, Error>

Read all bytes into buf until the delimiter byte or EOF is reached. Read more
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fn read_line(&mut self, buf: &mut String) -> Result<usize, Error>

Read all bytes until a newline (the 0xA byte) is reached, and append them to the provided String buffer. Read more
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fn has_data_left(&mut self) -> Result<bool, Error>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (buf_read_has_data_left)
Check if the underlying Read has any data left to be read. Read more
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fn skip_until(&mut self, byte: u8) -> Result<usize, Error>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (bufread_skip_until)
Skip all bytes until the delimiter byte or EOF is reached. Read more
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fn split(self, byte: u8) -> Split<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Returns an iterator over the contents of this reader split on the byte byte. Read more
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fn lines(self) -> Lines<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Returns an iterator over the lines of this reader. Read more
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impl<L, R> Clone for Either<L, R>
where L: Clone, R: Clone,

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fn clone(&self) -> Either<L, R>

Returns a copy of the value. Read more
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fn clone_from(&mut self, source: &Either<L, R>)

Performs copy-assignment from source. Read more
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impl<L, R> Debug for Either<L, R>
where L: Debug, R: Debug,

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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
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impl<L, R> Deref for Either<L, R>
where L: Deref, R: Deref<Target = <L as Deref>::Target>,

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type Target = <L as Deref>::Target

The resulting type after dereferencing.
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fn deref(&self) -> &<Either<L, R> as Deref>::Target

Dereferences the value.
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impl<L, R> DerefMut for Either<L, R>
where L: DerefMut, R: DerefMut<Target = <L as Deref>::Target>,

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fn deref_mut(&mut self) -> &mut <Either<L, R> as Deref>::Target

Mutably dereferences the value.
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impl<L, R> Display for Either<L, R>
where L: Display, R: Display,

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fn fmt(&self, f: &mut Formatter<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Formats the value using the given formatter. Read more
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impl<L, R> DoubleEndedIterator for Either<L, R>

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fn next_back(&mut self) -> Option<<Either<L, R> as Iterator>::Item>

Removes and returns an element from the end of the iterator. Read more
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fn nth_back(&mut self, n: usize) -> Option<<Either<L, R> as Iterator>::Item>

Returns the nth element from the end of the iterator. Read more
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fn rfold<Acc, G>(self, init: Acc, f: G) -> Acc
where G: FnMut(Acc, <Either<L, R> as Iterator>::Item) -> Acc,

An iterator method that reduces the iterator’s elements to a single, final value, starting from the back. Read more
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fn rfind<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<<Either<L, R> as Iterator>::Item>
where P: FnMut(&<Either<L, R> as Iterator>::Item) -> bool,

Searches for an element of an iterator from the back that satisfies a predicate. Read more
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fn advance_back_by(&mut self, n: usize) -> Result<(), NonZero<usize>>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_advance_by)
Advances the iterator from the back by n elements. Read more
1.27.0 · source§

fn try_rfold<B, F, R>(&mut self, init: B, f: F) -> R
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> R, R: Try<Output = B>,

This is the reverse version of Iterator::try_fold(): it takes elements starting from the back of the iterator. Read more
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impl<L, R> Error for Either<L, R>
where L: Error, R: Error,

Either implements Error if both L and R implement it.

Requires crate feature "use_std"

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fn source(&self) -> Option<&(dyn Error + 'static)>

The lower-level source of this error, if any. Read more
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fn description(&self) -> &str

👎Deprecated since 1.42.0: use the Display impl or to_string()
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fn cause(&self) -> Option<&dyn Error>

👎Deprecated since 1.33.0: replaced by Error::source, which can support downcasting
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fn provide<'a>(&'a self, request: &mut Request<'a>)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (error_generic_member_access)
Provides type based access to context intended for error reports. Read more
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impl<L, R> ExactSizeIterator for Either<L, R>
where L: ExactSizeIterator, R: ExactSizeIterator<Item = <L as Iterator>::Item>,

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fn len(&self) -> usize

Returns the exact remaining length of the iterator. Read more
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fn is_empty(&self) -> bool

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (exact_size_is_empty)
Returns true if the iterator is empty. Read more
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impl<L, R, A> Extend<A> for Either<L, R>
where L: Extend<A>, R: Extend<A>,

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fn extend<T>(&mut self, iter: T)
where T: IntoIterator<Item = A>,

Extends a collection with the contents of an iterator. Read more
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fn extend_one(&mut self, item: A)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (extend_one)
Extends a collection with exactly one element.
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fn extend_reserve(&mut self, additional: usize)

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (extend_one)
Reserves capacity in a collection for the given number of additional elements. Read more
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impl<A, B> From<Either<A, B>> for EitherOrBoth<A, B>

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fn from(either: Either<A, B>) -> Self

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl<L, R> From<Result<R, L>> for Either<L, R>

Convert from Result to Either with Ok => Right and Err => Left.

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fn from(r: Result<R, L>) -> Either<L, R>

Converts to this type from the input type.
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impl<L, R> Future for Either<L, R>
where L: Future, R: Future<Output = <L as Future>::Output>,

Either<L, R> is a future if both L and R are futures.

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type Output = <L as Future>::Output

The type of value produced on completion.
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fn poll( self: Pin<&mut Either<L, R>>, cx: &mut Context<'_>, ) -> Poll<<Either<L, R> as Future>::Output>

Attempt to resolve the future to a final value, registering the current task for wakeup if the value is not yet available. Read more
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impl<L, R> Hash for Either<L, R>
where L: Hash, R: Hash,

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fn hash<__H>(&self, state: &mut __H)
where __H: Hasher,

Feeds this value into the given Hasher. Read more
1.3.0 · source§

fn hash_slice<H>(data: &[Self], state: &mut H)
where H: Hasher, Self: Sized,

Feeds a slice of this type into the given Hasher. Read more
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impl<L, R> Into<Result<R, L>> for Either<L, R>

Convert from Either to Result with Right => Ok and Left => Err.

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fn into(self) -> Result<R, L>

Converts this type into the (usually inferred) input type.
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impl<L, R> Iterator for Either<L, R>
where L: Iterator, R: Iterator<Item = <L as Iterator>::Item>,

Either<L, R> is an iterator if both L and R are iterators.

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type Item = <L as Iterator>::Item

The type of the elements being iterated over.
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fn next(&mut self) -> Option<<Either<L, R> as Iterator>::Item>

Advances the iterator and returns the next value. Read more
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fn size_hint(&self) -> (usize, Option<usize>)

Returns the bounds on the remaining length of the iterator. Read more
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fn fold<Acc, G>(self, init: Acc, f: G) -> Acc
where G: FnMut(Acc, <Either<L, R> as Iterator>::Item) -> Acc,

Folds every element into an accumulator by applying an operation, returning the final result. Read more
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fn for_each<F>(self, f: F)
where F: FnMut(<Either<L, R> as Iterator>::Item),

Calls a closure on each element of an iterator. Read more
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fn count(self) -> usize

Consumes the iterator, counting the number of iterations and returning it. Read more
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fn last(self) -> Option<<Either<L, R> as Iterator>::Item>

Consumes the iterator, returning the last element. Read more
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fn nth(&mut self, n: usize) -> Option<<Either<L, R> as Iterator>::Item>

Returns the nth element of the iterator. Read more
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fn collect<B>(self) -> B
where B: FromIterator<<Either<L, R> as Iterator>::Item>,

Transforms an iterator into a collection. Read more
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fn partition<B, F>(self, f: F) -> (B, B)
where B: Default + Extend<<Either<L, R> as Iterator>::Item>, F: FnMut(&<Either<L, R> as Iterator>::Item) -> bool,

Consumes an iterator, creating two collections from it. Read more
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fn all<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> bool
where F: FnMut(<Either<L, R> as Iterator>::Item) -> bool,

Tests if every element of the iterator matches a predicate. Read more
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fn any<F>(&mut self, f: F) -> bool
where F: FnMut(<Either<L, R> as Iterator>::Item) -> bool,

Tests if any element of the iterator matches a predicate. Read more
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fn find<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<<Either<L, R> as Iterator>::Item>
where P: FnMut(&<Either<L, R> as Iterator>::Item) -> bool,

Searches for an element of an iterator that satisfies a predicate. Read more
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fn find_map<B, F>(&mut self, f: F) -> Option<B>
where F: FnMut(<Either<L, R> as Iterator>::Item) -> Option<B>,

Applies function to the elements of iterator and returns the first non-none result. Read more
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fn position<P>(&mut self, predicate: P) -> Option<usize>
where P: FnMut(<Either<L, R> as Iterator>::Item) -> bool,

Searches for an element in an iterator, returning its index. Read more
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fn next_chunk<const N: usize>( &mut self, ) -> Result<[Self::Item; N], IntoIter<Self::Item, N>>
where Self: Sized,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_next_chunk)
Advances the iterator and returns an array containing the next N values. Read more
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fn advance_by(&mut self, n: usize) -> Result<(), NonZero<usize>>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_advance_by)
Advances the iterator by n elements. Read more
1.28.0 · source§

fn step_by(self, step: usize) -> StepBy<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator starting at the same point, but stepping by the given amount at each iteration. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn chain<U>(self, other: U) -> Chain<Self, <U as IntoIterator>::IntoIter>
where Self: Sized, U: IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item>,

Takes two iterators and creates a new iterator over both in sequence. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn zip<U>(self, other: U) -> Zip<Self, <U as IntoIterator>::IntoIter>
where Self: Sized, U: IntoIterator,

‘Zips up’ two iterators into a single iterator of pairs. Read more
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fn intersperse_with<G>(self, separator: G) -> IntersperseWith<Self, G>
where Self: Sized, G: FnMut() -> Self::Item,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_intersperse)
Creates a new iterator which places an item generated by separator between adjacent items of the original iterator. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn map<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Map<Self, F>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> B,

Takes a closure and creates an iterator which calls that closure on each element. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn filter<P>(self, predicate: P) -> Filter<Self, P>
where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Creates an iterator which uses a closure to determine if an element should be yielded. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn filter_map<B, F>(self, f: F) -> FilterMap<Self, F>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Option<B>,

Creates an iterator that both filters and maps. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn enumerate(self) -> Enumerate<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator which gives the current iteration count as well as the next value. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn peekable(self) -> Peekable<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator which can use the peek and peek_mut methods to look at the next element of the iterator without consuming it. See their documentation for more information. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn skip_while<P>(self, predicate: P) -> SkipWhile<Self, P>
where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Creates an iterator that skips elements based on a predicate. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn take_while<P>(self, predicate: P) -> TakeWhile<Self, P>
where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Creates an iterator that yields elements based on a predicate. Read more
1.57.0 · source§

fn map_while<B, P>(self, predicate: P) -> MapWhile<Self, P>
where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Option<B>,

Creates an iterator that both yields elements based on a predicate and maps. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn skip(self, n: usize) -> Skip<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator that skips the first n elements. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn take(self, n: usize) -> Take<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator that yields the first n elements, or fewer if the underlying iterator ends sooner. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn scan<St, B, F>(self, initial_state: St, f: F) -> Scan<Self, St, F>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&mut St, Self::Item) -> Option<B>,

An iterator adapter which, like fold, holds internal state, but unlike fold, produces a new iterator. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn flat_map<U, F>(self, f: F) -> FlatMap<Self, U, F>
where Self: Sized, U: IntoIterator, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> U,

Creates an iterator that works like map, but flattens nested structure. Read more
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fn map_windows<F, R, const N: usize>(self, f: F) -> MapWindows<Self, F, N>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&[Self::Item; N]) -> R,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_map_windows)
Calls the given function f for each contiguous window of size N over self and returns an iterator over the outputs of f. Like slice::windows(), the windows during mapping overlap as well. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn fuse(self) -> Fuse<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Creates an iterator which ends after the first None. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn inspect<F>(self, f: F) -> Inspect<Self, F>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item),

Does something with each element of an iterator, passing the value on. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self
where Self: Sized,

Borrows an iterator, rather than consuming it. Read more
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fn collect_into<E>(self, collection: &mut E) -> &mut E
where E: Extend<Self::Item>, Self: Sized,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_collect_into)
Collects all the items from an iterator into a collection. Read more
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fn is_partitioned<P>(self, predicate: P) -> bool
where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_is_partitioned)
Checks if the elements of this iterator are partitioned according to the given predicate, such that all those that return true precede all those that return false. Read more
1.27.0 · source§

fn try_fold<B, F, R>(&mut self, init: B, f: F) -> R
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> R, R: Try<Output = B>,

An iterator method that applies a function as long as it returns successfully, producing a single, final value. Read more
1.27.0 · source§

fn try_for_each<F, R>(&mut self, f: F) -> R
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> R, R: Try<Output = ()>,

An iterator method that applies a fallible function to each item in the iterator, stopping at the first error and returning that error. Read more
1.51.0 · source§

fn reduce<F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item, Self::Item) -> Self::Item,

Reduces the elements to a single one, by repeatedly applying a reducing operation. Read more
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fn try_reduce<F, R>( &mut self, f: F, ) -> <<R as Try>::Residual as Residual<Option<<R as Try>::Output>>>::TryType
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item, Self::Item) -> R, R: Try<Output = Self::Item>, <R as Try>::Residual: Residual<Option<Self::Item>>,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iterator_try_reduce)
Reduces the elements to a single one by repeatedly applying a reducing operation. If the closure returns a failure, the failure is propagated back to the caller immediately. Read more
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fn try_find<F, R>( &mut self, f: F, ) -> <<R as Try>::Residual as Residual<Option<Self::Item>>>::TryType
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> R, R: Try<Output = bool>, <R as Try>::Residual: Residual<Option<Self::Item>>,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (try_find)
Applies function to the elements of iterator and returns the first true result or the first error. Read more
1.6.0 · source§

fn max_by_key<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item>
where B: Ord, Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> B,

Returns the element that gives the maximum value from the specified function. Read more
1.15.0 · source§

fn max_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> Option<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering,

Returns the element that gives the maximum value with respect to the specified comparison function. Read more
1.6.0 · source§

fn min_by_key<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item>
where B: Ord, Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> B,

Returns the element that gives the minimum value from the specified function. Read more
1.15.0 · source§

fn min_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> Option<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering,

Returns the element that gives the minimum value with respect to the specified comparison function. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn unzip<A, B, FromA, FromB>(self) -> (FromA, FromB)
where FromA: Default + Extend<A>, FromB: Default + Extend<B>, Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = (A, B)>,

Converts an iterator of pairs into a pair of containers. Read more
1.36.0 · source§

fn copied<'a, T>(self) -> Copied<Self>
where T: 'a + Copy, Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = &'a T>,

Creates an iterator which copies all of its elements. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn cloned<'a, T>(self) -> Cloned<Self>
where T: 'a + Clone, Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = &'a T>,

Creates an iterator which clones all of its elements. Read more
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fn array_chunks<const N: usize>(self) -> ArrayChunks<Self, N>
where Self: Sized,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_array_chunks)
Returns an iterator over N elements of the iterator at a time. Read more
1.11.0 · source§

fn sum<S>(self) -> S
where Self: Sized, S: Sum<Self::Item>,

Sums the elements of an iterator. Read more
1.11.0 · source§

fn product<P>(self) -> P
where Self: Sized, P: Product<Self::Item>,

Iterates over the entire iterator, multiplying all the elements Read more
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fn cmp_by<I, F>(self, other: I, cmp: F) -> Ordering
where Self: Sized, I: IntoIterator, F: FnMut(Self::Item, <I as IntoIterator>::Item) -> Ordering,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_order_by)
Lexicographically compares the elements of this Iterator with those of another with respect to the specified comparison function. Read more
1.5.0 · source§

fn partial_cmp<I>(self, other: I) -> Option<Ordering>
where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Lexicographically compares the PartialOrd elements of this Iterator with those of another. The comparison works like short-circuit evaluation, returning a result without comparing the remaining elements. As soon as an order can be determined, the evaluation stops and a result is returned. Read more
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fn partial_cmp_by<I, F>(self, other: I, partial_cmp: F) -> Option<Ordering>
where Self: Sized, I: IntoIterator, F: FnMut(Self::Item, <I as IntoIterator>::Item) -> Option<Ordering>,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_order_by)
Lexicographically compares the elements of this Iterator with those of another with respect to the specified comparison function. Read more
1.5.0 · source§

fn eq<I>(self, other: I) -> bool
where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialEq<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are equal to those of another. Read more
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fn eq_by<I, F>(self, other: I, eq: F) -> bool
where Self: Sized, I: IntoIterator, F: FnMut(Self::Item, <I as IntoIterator>::Item) -> bool,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (iter_order_by)
Determines if the elements of this Iterator are equal to those of another with respect to the specified equality function. Read more
1.5.0 · source§

fn ne<I>(self, other: I) -> bool
where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialEq<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are not equal to those of another. Read more
1.5.0 · source§

fn lt<I>(self, other: I) -> bool
where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically less than those of another. Read more
1.5.0 · source§

fn le<I>(self, other: I) -> bool
where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically less or equal to those of another. Read more
1.5.0 · source§

fn gt<I>(self, other: I) -> bool
where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically greater than those of another. Read more
1.5.0 · source§

fn ge<I>(self, other: I) -> bool
where I: IntoIterator, Self::Item: PartialOrd<<I as IntoIterator>::Item>, Self: Sized,

Determines if the elements of this Iterator are lexicographically greater than or equal to those of another. Read more
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fn is_sorted_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> bool
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> bool,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (is_sorted)
Checks if the elements of this iterator are sorted using the given comparator function. Read more
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fn is_sorted_by_key<F, K>(self, f: F) -> bool
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> K, K: PartialOrd,

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (is_sorted)
Checks if the elements of this iterator are sorted using the given key extraction function. Read more
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impl<L, R> Ord for Either<L, R>
where L: Ord, R: Ord,

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fn cmp(&self, other: &Either<L, R>) -> Ordering

This method returns an Ordering between self and other. Read more
1.21.0 · source§

fn max(self, other: Self) -> Self
where Self: Sized,

Compares and returns the maximum of two values. Read more
1.21.0 · source§

fn min(self, other: Self) -> Self
where Self: Sized,

Compares and returns the minimum of two values. Read more
1.50.0 · source§

fn clamp(self, min: Self, max: Self) -> Self
where Self: Sized + PartialOrd,

Restrict a value to a certain interval. Read more
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impl<L, R> PartialEq for Either<L, R>
where L: PartialEq, R: PartialEq,

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fn eq(&self, other: &Either<L, R>) -> bool

This method tests for self and other values to be equal, and is used by ==.
1.0.0 · source§

fn ne(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests for !=. The default implementation is almost always sufficient, and should not be overridden without very good reason.
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impl<L, R> PartialOrd for Either<L, R>
where L: PartialOrd, R: PartialOrd,

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fn partial_cmp(&self, other: &Either<L, R>) -> Option<Ordering>

This method returns an ordering between self and other values if one exists. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn lt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than (for self and other) and is used by the < operator. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn le(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests less than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the <= operator. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn gt(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than (for self and other) and is used by the > operator. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn ge(&self, other: &Rhs) -> bool

This method tests greater than or equal to (for self and other) and is used by the >= operator. Read more
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impl<L, R> Read for Either<L, R>
where L: Read, R: Read,

Either<L, R> implements Read if both L and R do.

Requires crate feature "use_std"

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fn read(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<usize, Error>

Pull some bytes from this source into the specified buffer, returning how many bytes were read. Read more
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fn read_exact(&mut self, buf: &mut [u8]) -> Result<(), Error>

Read the exact number of bytes required to fill buf. Read more
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fn read_to_end(&mut self, buf: &mut Vec<u8>) -> Result<usize, Error>

Read all bytes until EOF in this source, placing them into buf. Read more
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fn read_to_string(&mut self, buf: &mut String) -> Result<usize, Error>

Read all bytes until EOF in this source, appending them to buf. Read more
1.36.0 · source§

fn read_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSliceMut<'_>]) -> Result<usize, Error>

Like read, except that it reads into a slice of buffers. Read more
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fn is_read_vectored(&self) -> bool

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (can_vector)
Determines if this Reader has an efficient read_vectored implementation. Read more
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fn read_buf(&mut self, buf: BorrowedCursor<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (read_buf)
Pull some bytes from this source into the specified buffer. Read more
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fn read_buf_exact(&mut self, cursor: BorrowedCursor<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (read_buf)
Read the exact number of bytes required to fill cursor. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self
where Self: Sized,

Creates a “by reference” adaptor for this instance of Read. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn bytes(self) -> Bytes<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Transforms this Read instance to an Iterator over its bytes. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn chain<R>(self, next: R) -> Chain<Self, R>
where R: Read, Self: Sized,

Creates an adapter which will chain this stream with another. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn take(self, limit: u64) -> Take<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Creates an adapter which will read at most limit bytes from it. Read more
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impl<L, R> Seek for Either<L, R>
where L: Seek, R: Seek,

Either<L, R> implements Seek if both L and R do.

Requires crate feature "use_std"

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fn seek(&mut self, pos: SeekFrom) -> Result<u64, Error>

Seek to an offset, in bytes, in a stream. Read more
1.55.0 · source§

fn rewind(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error>

Rewind to the beginning of a stream. Read more
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fn stream_len(&mut self) -> Result<u64, Error>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (seek_stream_len)
Returns the length of this stream (in bytes). Read more
1.51.0 · source§

fn stream_position(&mut self) -> Result<u64, Error>

Returns the current seek position from the start of the stream. Read more
1.80.0 · source§

fn seek_relative(&mut self, offset: i64) -> Result<(), Error>

Seeks relative to the current position. Read more
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impl<L, R> Write for Either<L, R>
where L: Write, R: Write,

Either<L, R> implements Write if both L and R do.

Requires crate feature "use_std"

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fn write(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<usize, Error>

Write a buffer into this writer, returning how many bytes were written. Read more
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fn write_all(&mut self, buf: &[u8]) -> Result<(), Error>

Attempts to write an entire buffer into this writer. Read more
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fn write_fmt(&mut self, fmt: Arguments<'_>) -> Result<(), Error>

Writes a formatted string into this writer, returning any error encountered. Read more
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fn flush(&mut self) -> Result<(), Error>

Flush this output stream, ensuring that all intermediately buffered contents reach their destination. Read more
1.36.0 · source§

fn write_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &[IoSlice<'_>]) -> Result<usize, Error>

Like write, except that it writes from a slice of buffers. Read more
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fn is_write_vectored(&self) -> bool

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (can_vector)
Determines if this Writer has an efficient write_vectored implementation. Read more
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fn write_all_vectored(&mut self, bufs: &mut [IoSlice<'_>]) -> Result<(), Error>

🔬This is a nightly-only experimental API. (write_all_vectored)
Attempts to write multiple buffers into this writer. Read more
1.0.0 · source§

fn by_ref(&mut self) -> &mut Self
where Self: Sized,

Creates a “by reference” adapter for this instance of Write. Read more
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impl<L, R> Copy for Either<L, R>
where L: Copy, R: Copy,

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impl<L, R> Eq for Either<L, R>
where L: Eq, R: Eq,

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impl<L, R> FusedIterator for Either<L, R>
where L: FusedIterator, R: FusedIterator<Item = <L as Iterator>::Item>,

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impl<L, R> StructuralPartialEq for Either<L, R>

Auto Trait Implementations§

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impl<L, R> Freeze for Either<L, R>
where L: Freeze, R: Freeze,

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impl<L, R> RefUnwindSafe for Either<L, R>

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impl<L, R> Send for Either<L, R>
where L: Send, R: Send,

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impl<L, R> Sync for Either<L, R>
where L: Sync, R: Sync,

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impl<L, R> Unpin for Either<L, R>
where L: Unpin, R: Unpin,

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impl<L, R> UnwindSafe for Either<L, R>
where L: UnwindSafe, R: UnwindSafe,

Blanket Implementations§

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impl<T> Any for T
where T: 'static + ?Sized,

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fn type_id(&self) -> TypeId

Gets the TypeId of self. Read more
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impl<T> Borrow<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

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fn borrow(&self) -> &T

Immutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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impl<T> BorrowMut<T> for T
where T: ?Sized,

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fn borrow_mut(&mut self) -> &mut T

Mutably borrows from an owned value. Read more
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impl<T> From<T> for T

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fn from(t: T) -> T

Returns the argument unchanged.

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impl<T, U> Into<U> for T
where U: From<T>,

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fn into(self) -> U

Calls U::from(self).

That is, this conversion is whatever the implementation of From<T> for U chooses to do.

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impl<T> IntoEither for T

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fn into_either(self, into_left: bool) -> Either<Self, Self>

Converts self into a Left variant of Either<Self, Self> if into_left is true. Converts self into a Right variant of Either<Self, Self> otherwise. Read more
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fn into_either_with<F>(self, into_left: F) -> Either<Self, Self>
where F: FnOnce(&Self) -> bool,

Converts self into a Left variant of Either<Self, Self> if into_left(&self) returns true. Converts self into a Right variant of Either<Self, Self> otherwise. Read more
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impl<F> IntoFuture for F
where F: Future,

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type Output = <F as Future>::Output

The output that the future will produce on completion.
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type IntoFuture = F

Which kind of future are we turning this into?
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fn into_future(self) -> <F as IntoFuture>::IntoFuture

Creates a future from a value. Read more
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impl<I> IntoIterator for I
where I: Iterator,

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type Item = <I as Iterator>::Item

The type of the elements being iterated over.
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type IntoIter = I

Which kind of iterator are we turning this into?
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fn into_iter(self) -> I

Creates an iterator from a value. Read more
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impl<T> Itertools for T
where T: Iterator + ?Sized,

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fn interleave<J>(self, other: J) -> Interleave<Self, J::IntoIter>
where J: IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item>, Self: Sized,

Alternate elements from two iterators until both have run out. Read more
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fn interleave_shortest<J>( self, other: J, ) -> InterleaveShortest<Self, J::IntoIter>
where J: IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item>, Self: Sized,

Alternate elements from two iterators until at least one of them has run out. Read more
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fn intersperse(self, element: Self::Item) -> Intersperse<Self>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Clone,

An iterator adaptor to insert a particular value between each element of the adapted iterator. Read more
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fn intersperse_with<F>(self, element: F) -> IntersperseWith<Self, F>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut() -> Self::Item,

An iterator adaptor to insert a particular value created by a function between each element of the adapted iterator. Read more
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fn get<R>(self, index: R) -> R::Output
where Self: Sized, R: IteratorIndex<Self>,

Returns an iterator over a subsection of the iterator. Read more
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fn zip_longest<J>(self, other: J) -> ZipLongest<Self, J::IntoIter>
where J: IntoIterator, Self: Sized,

Create an iterator which iterates over both this and the specified iterator simultaneously, yielding pairs of two optional elements. Read more
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fn zip_eq<J>(self, other: J) -> ZipEq<Self, J::IntoIter>
where J: IntoIterator, Self: Sized,

Create an iterator which iterates over both this and the specified iterator simultaneously, yielding pairs of elements. Read more
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fn batching<B, F>(self, f: F) -> Batching<Self, F>
where F: FnMut(&mut Self) -> Option<B>, Self: Sized,

A “meta iterator adaptor”. Its closure receives a reference to the iterator and may pick off as many elements as it likes, to produce the next iterator element. Read more
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fn chunk_by<K, F>(self, key: F) -> ChunkBy<K, Self, F>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> K, K: PartialEq,

Return an iterable that can group iterator elements. Consecutive elements that map to the same key (“runs”), are assigned to the same group. Read more
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fn group_by<K, F>(self, key: F) -> ChunkBy<K, Self, F>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> K, K: PartialEq,

👎Deprecated since 0.13.0: Use .chunk_by() instead
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fn chunks(self, size: usize) -> IntoChunks<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Return an iterable that can chunk the iterator. Read more
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fn tuple_windows<T>(self) -> TupleWindows<Self, T>
where Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = T::Item>, T: HomogeneousTuple, T::Item: Clone,

Return an iterator over all contiguous windows producing tuples of a specific size (up to 12). Read more
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fn circular_tuple_windows<T>(self) -> CircularTupleWindows<Self, T>
where Self: Sized + Clone + Iterator<Item = T::Item> + ExactSizeIterator, T: TupleCollect + Clone, T::Item: Clone,

Return an iterator over all windows, wrapping back to the first elements when the window would otherwise exceed the length of the iterator, producing tuples of a specific size (up to 12). Read more
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fn tuples<T>(self) -> Tuples<Self, T>
where Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = T::Item>, T: HomogeneousTuple,

Return an iterator that groups the items in tuples of a specific size (up to 12). Read more
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fn tee(self) -> (Tee<Self>, Tee<Self>)
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Clone,

Split into an iterator pair that both yield all elements from the original iterator. Read more
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fn map_into<R>(self) -> MapInto<Self, R>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Into<R>,

Convert each item of the iterator using the Into trait. Read more
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fn map_ok<F, T, U, E>(self, f: F) -> MapOk<Self, F>
where Self: Iterator<Item = Result<T, E>> + Sized, F: FnMut(T) -> U,

Return an iterator adaptor that applies the provided closure to every Result::Ok value. Result::Err values are unchanged. Read more
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fn filter_ok<F, T, E>(self, f: F) -> FilterOk<Self, F>
where Self: Iterator<Item = Result<T, E>> + Sized, F: FnMut(&T) -> bool,

Return an iterator adaptor that filters every Result::Ok value with the provided closure. Result::Err values are unchanged. Read more
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fn filter_map_ok<F, T, U, E>(self, f: F) -> FilterMapOk<Self, F>
where Self: Iterator<Item = Result<T, E>> + Sized, F: FnMut(T) -> Option<U>,

Return an iterator adaptor that filters and transforms every Result::Ok value with the provided closure. Result::Err values are unchanged. Read more
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fn flatten_ok<T, E>(self) -> FlattenOk<Self, T, E>
where Self: Iterator<Item = Result<T, E>> + Sized, T: IntoIterator,

Return an iterator adaptor that flattens every Result::Ok value into a series of Result::Ok values. Result::Err values are unchanged. Read more
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fn process_results<F, T, E, R>(self, processor: F) -> Result<R, E>
where Self: Iterator<Item = Result<T, E>> + Sized, F: FnOnce(ProcessResults<'_, Self, E>) -> R,

“Lift” a function of the values of the current iterator so as to process an iterator of Result values instead. Read more
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fn merge<J>(self, other: J) -> Merge<Self, J::IntoIter>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: PartialOrd, J: IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item>,

Return an iterator adaptor that merges the two base iterators in ascending order. If both base iterators are sorted (ascending), the result is sorted. Read more
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fn merge_by<J, F>(self, other: J, is_first: F) -> MergeBy<Self, J::IntoIter, F>
where Self: Sized, J: IntoIterator<Item = Self::Item>, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> bool,

Return an iterator adaptor that merges the two base iterators in order. This is much like .merge() but allows for a custom ordering. Read more
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fn merge_join_by<J, F, T>( self, other: J, cmp_fn: F, ) -> MergeJoinBy<Self, J::IntoIter, F>
where J: IntoIterator, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &J::Item) -> T, Self: Sized,

Create an iterator that merges items from both this and the specified iterator in ascending order. Read more
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fn kmerge(self) -> KMerge<<Self::Item as IntoIterator>::IntoIter>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: IntoIterator, <Self::Item as IntoIterator>::Item: PartialOrd,

Return an iterator adaptor that flattens an iterator of iterators by merging them in ascending order. Read more
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fn kmerge_by<F>( self, first: F, ) -> KMergeBy<<Self::Item as IntoIterator>::IntoIter, F>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: IntoIterator, F: FnMut(&<Self::Item as IntoIterator>::Item, &<Self::Item as IntoIterator>::Item) -> bool,

Return an iterator adaptor that flattens an iterator of iterators by merging them according to the given closure. Read more
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fn cartesian_product<J>(self, other: J) -> Product<Self, J::IntoIter>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Clone, J: IntoIterator, J::IntoIter: Clone,

Return an iterator adaptor that iterates over the cartesian product of the element sets of two iterators self and J. Read more
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fn multi_cartesian_product( self, ) -> MultiProduct<<Self::Item as IntoIterator>::IntoIter>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: IntoIterator, <Self::Item as IntoIterator>::IntoIter: Clone, <Self::Item as IntoIterator>::Item: Clone,

Return an iterator adaptor that iterates over the cartesian product of all subiterators returned by meta-iterator self. Read more
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fn coalesce<F>(self, f: F) -> Coalesce<Self, F>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item, Self::Item) -> Result<Self::Item, (Self::Item, Self::Item)>,

Return an iterator adaptor that uses the passed-in closure to optionally merge together consecutive elements. Read more
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fn dedup(self) -> Dedup<Self>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: PartialEq,

Remove duplicates from sections of consecutive identical elements. If the iterator is sorted, all elements will be unique. Read more
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fn dedup_by<Cmp>(self, cmp: Cmp) -> DedupBy<Self, Cmp>
where Self: Sized, Cmp: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> bool,

Remove duplicates from sections of consecutive identical elements, determining equality using a comparison function. If the iterator is sorted, all elements will be unique. Read more
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fn dedup_with_count(self) -> DedupWithCount<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Remove duplicates from sections of consecutive identical elements, while keeping a count of how many repeated elements were present. If the iterator is sorted, all elements will be unique. Read more
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fn dedup_by_with_count<Cmp>(self, cmp: Cmp) -> DedupByWithCount<Self, Cmp>
where Self: Sized, Cmp: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> bool,

Remove duplicates from sections of consecutive identical elements, while keeping a count of how many repeated elements were present. This will determine equality using a comparison function. If the iterator is sorted, all elements will be unique. Read more
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fn duplicates(self) -> Duplicates<Self>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Eq + Hash,

Return an iterator adaptor that produces elements that appear more than once during the iteration. Duplicates are detected using hash and equality. Read more
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fn duplicates_by<V, F>(self, f: F) -> DuplicatesBy<Self, V, F>
where Self: Sized, V: Eq + Hash, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> V,

Return an iterator adaptor that produces elements that appear more than once during the iteration. Duplicates are detected using hash and equality. Read more
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fn unique(self) -> Unique<Self>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Clone + Eq + Hash,

Return an iterator adaptor that filters out elements that have already been produced once during the iteration. Duplicates are detected using hash and equality. Read more
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fn unique_by<V, F>(self, f: F) -> UniqueBy<Self, V, F>
where Self: Sized, V: Eq + Hash, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> V,

Return an iterator adaptor that filters out elements that have already been produced once during the iteration. Read more
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fn peeking_take_while<F>(&mut self, accept: F) -> PeekingTakeWhile<'_, Self, F>
where Self: Sized + PeekingNext, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Return an iterator adaptor that borrows from this iterator and takes items while the closure accept returns true. Read more
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fn take_while_ref<F>(&mut self, accept: F) -> TakeWhileRef<'_, Self, F>
where Self: Clone, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Return an iterator adaptor that borrows from a Clone-able iterator to only pick off elements while the predicate accept returns true. Read more
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fn take_while_inclusive<F>(self, accept: F) -> TakeWhileInclusive<Self, F>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Returns an iterator adaptor that consumes elements while the given predicate is true, including the element for which the predicate first returned false. Read more
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fn while_some<A>(self) -> WhileSome<Self>
where Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = Option<A>>,

Return an iterator adaptor that filters Option<A> iterator elements and produces A. Stops on the first None encountered. Read more
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fn tuple_combinations<T>(self) -> TupleCombinations<Self, T>
where Self: Sized + Clone, Self::Item: Clone, T: HasCombination<Self>,

Return an iterator adaptor that iterates over the combinations of the elements from an iterator. Read more
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fn combinations(self, k: usize) -> Combinations<Self>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Clone,

Return an iterator adaptor that iterates over the k-length combinations of the elements from an iterator. Read more
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fn combinations_with_replacement( self, k: usize, ) -> CombinationsWithReplacement<Self>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Clone,

Return an iterator that iterates over the k-length combinations of the elements from an iterator, with replacement. Read more
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fn permutations(self, k: usize) -> Permutations<Self>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Clone,

Return an iterator adaptor that iterates over all k-permutations of the elements from an iterator. Read more
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fn powerset(self) -> Powerset<Self>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Clone,

Return an iterator that iterates through the powerset of the elements from an iterator. Read more
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fn pad_using<F>(self, min: usize, f: F) -> PadUsing<Self, F>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(usize) -> Self::Item,

Return an iterator adaptor that pads the sequence to a minimum length of min by filling missing elements using a closure f. Read more
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fn with_position(self) -> WithPosition<Self>
where Self: Sized,

Return an iterator adaptor that combines each element with a Position to ease special-case handling of the first or last elements. Read more
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fn positions<P>(self, predicate: P) -> Positions<Self, P>
where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(Self::Item) -> bool,

Return an iterator adaptor that yields the indices of all elements satisfying a predicate, counted from the start of the iterator. Read more
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fn update<F>(self, updater: F) -> Update<Self, F>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&mut Self::Item),

Return an iterator adaptor that applies a mutating function to each element before yielding it. Read more
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fn next_tuple<T>(&mut self) -> Option<T>
where Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = T::Item>, T: HomogeneousTuple,

Advances the iterator and returns the next items grouped in a tuple of a specific size (up to 12). Read more
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fn collect_tuple<T>(self) -> Option<T>
where Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = T::Item>, T: HomogeneousTuple,

Collects all items from the iterator into a tuple of a specific size (up to 12). Read more
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fn find_position<P>(&mut self, pred: P) -> Option<(usize, Self::Item)>
where P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Find the position and value of the first element satisfying a predicate. Read more
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fn find_or_last<P>(self, predicate: P) -> Option<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Find the value of the first element satisfying a predicate or return the last element, if any. Read more
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fn find_or_first<P>(self, predicate: P) -> Option<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, P: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> bool,

Find the value of the first element satisfying a predicate or return the first element, if any. Read more
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fn contains<Q>(&mut self, query: &Q) -> bool
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Borrow<Q>, Q: PartialEq,

Returns true if the given item is present in this iterator. Read more
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fn all_equal(&mut self) -> bool
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: PartialEq,

Check whether all elements compare equal. Read more
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fn all_equal_value( &mut self, ) -> Result<Self::Item, Option<(Self::Item, Self::Item)>>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: PartialEq,

If there are elements and they are all equal, return a single copy of that element. If there are no elements, return an Error containing None. If there are elements and they are not all equal, return a tuple containing the first two non-equal elements found. Read more
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fn all_unique(&mut self) -> bool
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Eq + Hash,

Check whether all elements are unique (non equal). Read more
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fn dropping(self, n: usize) -> Self
where Self: Sized,

Consume the first n elements from the iterator eagerly, and return the same iterator again. Read more
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fn dropping_back(self, n: usize) -> Self
where Self: Sized + DoubleEndedIterator,

Consume the last n elements from the iterator eagerly, and return the same iterator again. Read more
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fn concat(self) -> Self::Item
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Extend<<<Self as Iterator>::Item as IntoIterator>::Item> + IntoIterator + Default,

Combine all an iterator’s elements into one element by using Extend. Read more
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fn collect_vec(self) -> Vec<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized,

.collect_vec() is simply a type specialization of Iterator::collect, for convenience.
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fn try_collect<T, U, E>(self) -> Result<U, E>
where Self: Sized + Iterator<Item = Result<T, E>>, Result<U, E>: FromIterator<Result<T, E>>,

.try_collect() is more convenient way of writing .collect::<Result<_, _>>() Read more
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fn set_from<'a, A: 'a, J>(&mut self, from: J) -> usize
where Self: Iterator<Item = &'a mut A>, J: IntoIterator<Item = A>,

Assign to each reference in self from the from iterator, stopping at the shortest of the two iterators. Read more
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fn join(&mut self, sep: &str) -> String
where Self::Item: Display,

Combine all iterator elements into one String, separated by sep. Read more
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fn format(self, sep: &str) -> Format<'_, Self>
where Self: Sized,

Format all iterator elements, separated by sep. Read more
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fn format_with<F>(self, sep: &str, format: F) -> FormatWith<'_, Self, F>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item, &mut dyn FnMut(&dyn Display) -> Result) -> Result,

Format all iterator elements, separated by sep. Read more
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fn fold_ok<A, E, B, F>(&mut self, start: B, f: F) -> Result<B, E>
where Self: Iterator<Item = Result<A, E>>, F: FnMut(B, A) -> B,

Fold Result values from an iterator. Read more
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fn fold_options<A, B, F>(&mut self, start: B, f: F) -> Option<B>
where Self: Iterator<Item = Option<A>>, F: FnMut(B, A) -> B,

Fold Option values from an iterator. Read more
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fn fold1<F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item>
where F: FnMut(Self::Item, Self::Item) -> Self::Item, Self: Sized,

👎Deprecated since 0.10.2: Use Iterator::reduce instead
Accumulator of the elements in the iterator. Read more
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fn tree_reduce<F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item>
where F: FnMut(Self::Item, Self::Item) -> Self::Item, Self: Sized,

Accumulate the elements in the iterator in a tree-like manner. Read more
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fn tree_fold1<F>(self, f: F) -> Option<Self::Item>
where F: FnMut(Self::Item, Self::Item) -> Self::Item, Self: Sized,

👎Deprecated since 0.13.0: Use .tree_reduce() instead
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fn fold_while<B, F>(&mut self, init: B, f: F) -> FoldWhile<B>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> FoldWhile<B>,

An iterator method that applies a function, producing a single, final value. Read more
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fn sum1<S>(self) -> Option<S>
where Self: Sized, S: Sum<Self::Item>,

Iterate over the entire iterator and add all the elements. Read more
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fn product1<P>(self) -> Option<P>
where Self: Sized, P: Product<Self::Item>,

Iterate over the entire iterator and multiply all the elements. Read more
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fn sorted_unstable(self) -> IntoIter<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Ord,

Sort all iterator elements into a new iterator in ascending order. Read more
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fn sorted_unstable_by<F>(self, cmp: F) -> IntoIter<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering,

Sort all iterator elements into a new iterator in ascending order. Read more
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fn sorted_unstable_by_key<K, F>(self, f: F) -> IntoIter<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, K: Ord, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> K,

Sort all iterator elements into a new iterator in ascending order. Read more
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fn sorted(self) -> IntoIter<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Ord,

Sort all iterator elements into a new iterator in ascending order. Read more
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fn sorted_by<F>(self, cmp: F) -> IntoIter<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering,

Sort all iterator elements into a new iterator in ascending order. Read more
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fn sorted_by_key<K, F>(self, f: F) -> IntoIter<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, K: Ord, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> K,

Sort all iterator elements into a new iterator in ascending order. Read more
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fn sorted_by_cached_key<K, F>(self, f: F) -> IntoIter<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, K: Ord, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> K,

Sort all iterator elements into a new iterator in ascending order. The key function is called exactly once per key. Read more
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fn k_smallest(self, k: usize) -> IntoIter<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Ord,

Sort the k smallest elements into a new iterator, in ascending order. Read more
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fn k_smallest_by<F>(self, k: usize, cmp: F) -> IntoIter<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering,

Sort the k smallest elements into a new iterator using the provided comparison. Read more
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fn k_smallest_by_key<F, K>(self, k: usize, key: F) -> IntoIter<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> K, K: Ord,

Return the elements producing the k smallest outputs of the provided function. Read more
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fn k_largest(self, k: usize) -> IntoIter<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Ord,

Sort the k largest elements into a new iterator, in descending order. Read more
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fn k_largest_by<F>(self, k: usize, cmp: F) -> IntoIter<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering,

Sort the k largest elements into a new iterator using the provided comparison. Read more
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fn k_largest_by_key<F, K>(self, k: usize, key: F) -> IntoIter<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> K, K: Ord,

Return the elements producing the k largest outputs of the provided function. Read more
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fn tail(self, n: usize) -> IntoIter<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized,

Consumes the iterator and return an iterator of the last n elements. Read more
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fn partition_map<A, B, F, L, R>(self, predicate: F) -> (A, B)
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> Either<L, R>, A: Default + Extend<L>, B: Default + Extend<R>,

Collect all iterator elements into one of two partitions. Unlike Iterator::partition, each partition may have a distinct type. Read more
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fn partition_result<A, B, T, E>(self) -> (A, B)
where Self: Iterator<Item = Result<T, E>> + Sized, A: Default + Extend<T>, B: Default + Extend<E>,

Partition a sequence of Results into one list of all the Ok elements and another list of all the Err elements. Read more
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fn into_group_map<K, V>(self) -> HashMap<K, Vec<V>>
where Self: Iterator<Item = (K, V)> + Sized, K: Hash + Eq,

Return a HashMap of keys mapped to Vecs of values. Keys and values are taken from (Key, Value) tuple pairs yielded by the input iterator. Read more
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fn into_group_map_by<K, V, F>(self, f: F) -> HashMap<K, Vec<V>>
where Self: Iterator<Item = V> + Sized, K: Hash + Eq, F: FnMut(&V) -> K,

Return an Iterator on a HashMap. Keys mapped to Vecs of values. The key is specified in the closure. Read more
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fn into_grouping_map<K, V>(self) -> GroupingMap<Self>
where Self: Iterator<Item = (K, V)> + Sized, K: Hash + Eq,

Constructs a GroupingMap to be used later with one of the efficient group-and-fold operations it allows to perform. Read more
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fn into_grouping_map_by<K, V, F>(self, key_mapper: F) -> GroupingMapBy<Self, F>
where Self: Iterator<Item = V> + Sized, K: Hash + Eq, F: FnMut(&V) -> K,

Constructs a GroupingMap to be used later with one of the efficient group-and-fold operations it allows to perform. Read more
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fn min_set(self) -> Vec<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Ord,

Return all minimum elements of an iterator. Read more
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fn min_set_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> Vec<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering,

Return all minimum elements of an iterator, as determined by the specified function. Read more
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fn min_set_by_key<K, F>(self, key: F) -> Vec<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, K: Ord, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> K,

Return all minimum elements of an iterator, as determined by the specified function. Read more
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fn max_set(self) -> Vec<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Ord,

Return all maximum elements of an iterator. Read more
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fn max_set_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> Vec<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering,

Return all maximum elements of an iterator, as determined by the specified function. Read more
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fn max_set_by_key<K, F>(self, key: F) -> Vec<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, K: Ord, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> K,

Return all maximum elements of an iterator, as determined by the specified function. Read more
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fn minmax(self) -> MinMaxResult<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: PartialOrd,

Return the minimum and maximum elements in the iterator. Read more
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fn minmax_by_key<K, F>(self, key: F) -> MinMaxResult<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, K: PartialOrd, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> K,

Return the minimum and maximum element of an iterator, as determined by the specified function. Read more
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fn minmax_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> MinMaxResult<Self::Item>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering,

Return the minimum and maximum element of an iterator, as determined by the specified comparison function. Read more
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fn position_max(self) -> Option<usize>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Ord,

Return the position of the maximum element in the iterator. Read more
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fn position_max_by_key<K, F>(self, key: F) -> Option<usize>
where Self: Sized, K: Ord, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> K,

Return the position of the maximum element in the iterator, as determined by the specified function. Read more
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fn position_max_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> Option<usize>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering,

Return the position of the maximum element in the iterator, as determined by the specified comparison function. Read more
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fn position_min(self) -> Option<usize>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Ord,

Return the position of the minimum element in the iterator. Read more
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fn position_min_by_key<K, F>(self, key: F) -> Option<usize>
where Self: Sized, K: Ord, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> K,

Return the position of the minimum element in the iterator, as determined by the specified function. Read more
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fn position_min_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> Option<usize>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering,

Return the position of the minimum element in the iterator, as determined by the specified comparison function. Read more
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fn position_minmax(self) -> MinMaxResult<usize>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: PartialOrd,

Return the positions of the minimum and maximum elements in the iterator. Read more
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fn position_minmax_by_key<K, F>(self, key: F) -> MinMaxResult<usize>
where Self: Sized, K: PartialOrd, F: FnMut(&Self::Item) -> K,

Return the postions of the minimum and maximum elements of an iterator, as determined by the specified function. Read more
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fn position_minmax_by<F>(self, compare: F) -> MinMaxResult<usize>
where Self: Sized, F: FnMut(&Self::Item, &Self::Item) -> Ordering,

Return the postions of the minimum and maximum elements of an iterator, as determined by the specified comparison function. Read more
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fn exactly_one(self) -> Result<Self::Item, ExactlyOneError<Self>>
where Self: Sized,

If the iterator yields exactly one element, that element will be returned, otherwise an error will be returned containing an iterator that has the same output as the input iterator. Read more
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fn at_most_one(self) -> Result<Option<Self::Item>, ExactlyOneError<Self>>
where Self: Sized,

If the iterator yields no elements, Ok(None) will be returned. If the iterator yields exactly one element, that element will be returned, otherwise an error will be returned containing an iterator that has the same output as the input iterator. Read more
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fn multipeek(self) -> MultiPeek<Self>
where Self: Sized,

An iterator adaptor that allows the user to peek at multiple .next() values without advancing the base iterator. Read more
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fn counts(self) -> HashMap<Self::Item, usize>
where Self: Sized, Self::Item: Eq + Hash,

Collect the items in this iterator and return a HashMap which contains each item that appears in the iterator and the number of times it appears. Read more
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fn counts_by<K, F>(self, f: F) -> HashMap<K, usize>
where Self: Sized, K: Eq + Hash, F: FnMut(Self::Item) -> K,

Collect the items in this iterator and return a HashMap which contains each item that appears in the iterator and the number of times it appears, determining identity using a keying function. Read more
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fn multiunzip<FromI>(self) -> FromI
where Self: Sized + MultiUnzip<FromI>,

Converts an iterator of tuples into a tuple of containers. Read more
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fn try_len(&self) -> Result<usize, (usize, Option<usize>)>

Returns the length of the iterator if one exists. Otherwise return self.size_hint(). Read more
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impl<IT> MultiUnzip<()> for IT
where IT: Iterator<Item = ()>,

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fn multiunzip(self)

Unzip this iterator into multiple collections.
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impl<IT, A, FromA> MultiUnzip<(FromA,)> for IT
where IT: Iterator<Item = (A,)>, FromA: Default + Extend<A>,

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fn multiunzip(self) -> (FromA,)

Unzip this iterator into multiple collections.
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impl<IT, A, FromA, B, FromB> MultiUnzip<(FromA, FromB)> for IT
where IT: Iterator<Item = (A, B)>, FromA: Default + Extend<A>, FromB: Default + Extend<B>,

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fn multiunzip(self) -> (FromA, FromB)

Unzip this iterator into multiple collections.
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impl<IT, A, FromA, B, FromB, C, FromC> MultiUnzip<(FromA, FromB, FromC)> for IT
where IT: Iterator<Item = (A, B, C)>, FromA: Default + Extend<A>, FromB: Default + Extend<B>, FromC: Default + Extend<C>,

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fn multiunzip(self) -> (FromA, FromB, FromC)

Unzip this iterator into multiple collections.
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impl<IT, A, FromA, B, FromB, C, FromC, D, FromD> MultiUnzip<(FromA, FromB, FromC, FromD)> for IT
where IT: Iterator<Item = (A, B, C, D)>, FromA: Default + Extend<A>, FromB: Default + Extend<B>, FromC: Default + Extend<C>, FromD: Default + Extend<D>,

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fn multiunzip(self) -> (FromA, FromB, FromC, FromD)

Unzip this iterator into multiple collections.
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impl<IT, A, FromA, B, FromB, C, FromC, D, FromD, E, FromE> MultiUnzip<(FromA, FromB, FromC, FromD, FromE)> for IT
where IT: Iterator<Item = (A, B, C, D, E)>, FromA: Default + Extend<A>, FromB: Default + Extend<B>, FromC: Default + Extend<C>, FromD: Default + Extend<D>, FromE: Default + Extend<E>,

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fn multiunzip(self) -> (FromA, FromB, FromC, FromD, FromE)

Unzip this iterator into multiple collections.
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impl<IT, A, FromA, B, FromB, C, FromC, D, FromD, E, FromE, F, FromF> MultiUnzip<(FromA, FromB, FromC, FromD, FromE, FromF)> for IT
where IT: Iterator<Item = (A, B, C, D, E, F)>, FromA: Default + Extend<A>, FromB: Default + Extend<B>, FromC: Default + Extend<C>, FromD: Default + Extend<D>, FromE: Default + Extend<E>, FromF: Default + Extend<F>,

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fn multiunzip(self) -> (FromA, FromB, FromC, FromD, FromE, FromF)

Unzip this iterator into multiple collections.
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impl<IT, A, FromA, B, FromB, C, FromC, D, FromD, E, FromE, F, FromF, G, FromG> MultiUnzip<(FromA, FromB, FromC, FromD, FromE, FromF, FromG)> for IT
where IT: Iterator<Item = (A, B, C, D, E, F, G)>, FromA: Default + Extend<A>, FromB: Default + Extend<B>, FromC: Default + Extend<C>, FromD: Default + Extend<D>, FromE: Default + Extend<E>, FromF: Default + Extend<F>, FromG: Default + Extend<G>,

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fn multiunzip(self) -> (FromA, FromB, FromC, FromD, FromE, FromF, FromG)

Unzip this iterator into multiple collections.
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impl<IT, A, FromA, B, FromB, C, FromC, D, FromD, E, FromE, F, FromF, G, FromG, H, FromH> MultiUnzip<(FromA, FromB, FromC, FromD, FromE, FromF, FromG, FromH)> for IT
where IT: Iterator<Item = (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H)>, FromA: Default + Extend<A>, FromB: Default + Extend<B>, FromC: Default + Extend<C>, FromD: Default + Extend<D>, FromE: Default + Extend<E>, FromF: Default + Extend<F>, FromG: Default + Extend<G>, FromH: Default + Extend<H>,

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fn multiunzip(self) -> (FromA, FromB, FromC, FromD, FromE, FromF, FromG, FromH)

Unzip this iterator into multiple collections.
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impl<IT, A, FromA, B, FromB, C, FromC, D, FromD, E, FromE, F, FromF, G, FromG, H, FromH, I, FromI> MultiUnzip<(FromA, FromB, FromC, FromD, FromE, FromF, FromG, FromH, FromI)> for IT
where IT: Iterator<Item = (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I)>, FromA: Default + Extend<A>, FromB: Default + Extend<B>, FromC: Default + Extend<C>, FromD: Default + Extend<D>, FromE: Default + Extend<E>, FromF: Default + Extend<F>, FromG: Default + Extend<G>, FromH: Default + Extend<H>, FromI: Default + Extend<I>,

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fn multiunzip( self, ) -> (FromA, FromB, FromC, FromD, FromE, FromF, FromG, FromH, FromI)

Unzip this iterator into multiple collections.
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impl<IT, A, FromA, B, FromB, C, FromC, D, FromD, E, FromE, F, FromF, G, FromG, H, FromH, I, FromI, J, FromJ> MultiUnzip<(FromA, FromB, FromC, FromD, FromE, FromF, FromG, FromH, FromI, FromJ)> for IT
where IT: Iterator<Item = (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J)>, FromA: Default + Extend<A>, FromB: Default + Extend<B>, FromC: Default + Extend<C>, FromD: Default + Extend<D>, FromE: Default + Extend<E>, FromF: Default + Extend<F>, FromG: Default + Extend<G>, FromH: Default + Extend<H>, FromI: Default + Extend<I>, FromJ: Default + Extend<J>,

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fn multiunzip( self, ) -> (FromA, FromB, FromC, FromD, FromE, FromF, FromG, FromH, FromI, FromJ)

Unzip this iterator into multiple collections.
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impl<IT, A, FromA, B, FromB, C, FromC, D, FromD, E, FromE, F, FromF, G, FromG, H, FromH, I, FromI, J, FromJ, K, FromK> MultiUnzip<(FromA, FromB, FromC, FromD, FromE, FromF, FromG, FromH, FromI, FromJ, FromK)> for IT
where IT: Iterator<Item = (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K)>, FromA: Default + Extend<A>, FromB: Default + Extend<B>, FromC: Default + Extend<C>, FromD: Default + Extend<D>, FromE: Default + Extend<E>, FromF: Default + Extend<F>, FromG: Default + Extend<G>, FromH: Default + Extend<H>, FromI: Default + Extend<I>, FromJ: Default + Extend<J>, FromK: Default + Extend<K>,

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impl<IT, A, FromA, B, FromB, C, FromC, D, FromD, E, FromE, F, FromF, G, FromG, H, FromH, I, FromI, J, FromJ, K, FromK, L, FromL> MultiUnzip<(FromA, FromB, FromC, FromD, FromE, FromF, FromG, FromH, FromI, FromJ, FromK, FromL)> for IT
where IT: Iterator<Item = (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L)>, FromA: Default + Extend<A>, FromB: Default + Extend<B>, FromC: Default + Extend<C>, FromD: Default + Extend<D>, FromE: Default + Extend<E>, FromF: Default + Extend<F>, FromG: Default + Extend<G>, FromH: Default + Extend<H>, FromI: Default + Extend<I>, FromJ: Default + Extend<J>, FromK: Default + Extend<K>, FromL: Default + Extend<L>,

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impl<T> ToOwned for T
where T: Clone,

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type Owned = T

The resulting type after obtaining ownership.
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fn to_owned(&self) -> T

Creates owned data from borrowed data, usually by cloning. Read more
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fn clone_into(&self, target: &mut T)

Uses borrowed data to replace owned data, usually by cloning. Read more
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impl<T> ToString for T
where T: Display + ?Sized,

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default fn to_string(&self) -> String

Converts the given value to a String. Read more
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impl<T, U> TryFrom<U> for T
where U: Into<T>,

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type Error = Infallible

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn try_from(value: U) -> Result<T, <T as TryFrom<U>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.
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impl<T, U> TryInto<U> for T
where U: TryFrom<T>,

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type Error = <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error

The type returned in the event of a conversion error.
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fn try_into(self) -> Result<U, <U as TryFrom<T>>::Error>

Performs the conversion.