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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Extra iterator adaptors, functions and macros."><title>itertools - Rust</title><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../static.files/SourceSerif4-Regular-46f98efaafac5295.ttf.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../static.files/FiraSans-Regular-018c141bf0843ffd.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../static.files/FiraSans-Medium-8f9a781e4970d388.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../static.files/SourceCodePro-Regular-562dcc5011b6de7d.ttf.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../static.files/SourceCodePro-Semibold-d899c5a5c4aeb14a.ttf.woff2"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/normalize-76eba96aa4d2e634.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/rustdoc-5bc39a1768837dd0.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../" data-static-root-path="../static.files/" data-current-crate="itertools" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.77.1 (7cf61ebde 2024-03-27)" data-channel="1.77.1" data-search-js="search-dd67cee4cfa65049.js" data-settings-js="settings-4313503d2e1961c2.js" ><script src="../static.files/storage-4c98445ec4002617.js"></script><script defer src="../crates.js"></script><script defer src="../static.files/main-48f368f3872407c8.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../static.files/noscript-04d5337699b92874.css"></noscript><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../static.files/favicon-16x16-8b506e7a72182f1c.png"><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../static.files/favicon-32x32-422f7d1d52889060.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="../static.files/favicon-2c020d218678b618.svg"></head><body class="rustdoc mod crate"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="mobile-topbar"><button class="sidebar-menu-toggle" title="show sidebar"></button></nav><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><h2><a href="../itertools/index.html">itertools</a><span class="version">0.12.1</span></h2></div><div class="sidebar-elems"><ul class="block">
<li><a id="all-types" href="all.html">All Items</a></li></ul><section><ul class="block"><li><a href="#modules">Modules</a></li><li><a href="#macros">Macros</a></li><li><a href="#enums">Enums</a></li><li><a href="#traits">Traits</a></li><li><a href="#functions">Functions</a></li></ul></section></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer"></div>
<main><div class="width-limiter"><nav class="sub"><form class="search-form"><span></span><div id="sidebar-button" tabindex="-1"><a href="../itertools/all.html" title="show sidebar"></a></div><input class="search-input" name="search" aria-label="Run search in the documentation" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" placeholder="Click or press ‘S’ to search, ‘?’ for more options…" type="search"><div id="help-button" tabindex="-1"><a href="../help.html" title="help">?</a></div><div id="settings-menu" tabindex="-1"><a href="../settings.html" title="settings"><img width="22" height="22" alt="Change settings" src="../static.files/wheel-7b819b6101059cd0.svg"></a></div></form></nav><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><h1>Crate <a class="mod" href="#">itertools</a><button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard"><img src="../static.files/clipboard-7571035ce49a181d.svg" width="19" height="18" alt="Copy item path"></button></h1><span class="out-of-band"><a class="src" href="../src/itertools/lib.rs.html#1-4100">source</a> · <button id="toggle-all-docs" title="collapse all docs">[<span>&#x2212;</span>]</button></span></div><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Extra iterator adaptors, functions and macros.</p>
<p>To extend <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.77.1/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html" title="trait core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator"><code>Iterator</code></a> with methods in this crate, import
the <a href="trait.Itertools.html" title="trait itertools::Itertools"><code>Itertools</code></a> trait:</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>itertools::Itertools;</code></pre></div>
<p>Now, new methods like <a href="trait.Itertools.html#method.interleave" title="method itertools::Itertools::interleave"><code>interleave</code></a>
are available on all iterators:</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>itertools::Itertools;
<span class="kw">let </span>it = (<span class="number">1</span>..<span class="number">3</span>).interleave(<span class="macro">vec!</span>[-<span class="number">1</span>, -<span class="number">2</span>]);
itertools::assert_equal(it, <span class="macro">vec!</span>[<span class="number">1</span>, -<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, -<span class="number">2</span>]);</code></pre></div>
<p>Most iterator methods are also provided as functions (with the benefit
that they convert parameters using <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.77.1/core/iter/traits/collect/trait.IntoIterator.html" title="trait core::iter::traits::collect::IntoIterator"><code>IntoIterator</code></a>):</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>itertools::interleave;
<span class="kw">for </span>elt <span class="kw">in </span>interleave(<span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>], <span class="kw-2">&amp;</span>[<span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>]) {
<span class="comment">/* loop body */
</span>}</code></pre></div>
<h3 id="crate-features"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#crate-features">§</a>Crate Features</h3>
<ul>
<li><code>use_std</code>
<ul>
<li>Enabled by default.</li>
<li>Disable to compile itertools using <code>#![no_std]</code>. This disables
any items that depend on collections (like <code>group_by</code>, <code>unique</code>,
<code>kmerge</code>, <code>join</code> and many more).</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3 id="rust-version"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#rust-version">§</a>Rust Version</h3>
<p>This version of itertools requires Rust 1.43.1 or later.</p>
</div></details><h2 id="reexports" class="section-header">Re-exports<a href="#reexports" class="anchor">§</a></h2><ul class="item-table"><li><div class="item-name"><code>pub use crate::<a class="mod" href="structs/index.html" title="mod itertools::structs">structs</a>::*;</code></div></li></ul><h2 id="modules" class="section-header">Modules<a href="#modules" class="anchor">§</a></h2><ul class="item-table"><li><div class="item-name"><a class="mod" href="structs/index.html" title="mod itertools::structs">structs</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">The concrete iterator types.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="mod" href="traits/index.html" title="mod itertools::traits">traits</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Traits helpful for using certain <code>Itertools</code> methods in generic contexts.</div></li></ul><h2 id="macros" class="section-header">Macros<a href="#macros" class="anchor">§</a></h2><ul class="item-table"><li><div class="item-name"><a class="macro" href="macro.chain.html" title="macro itertools::chain">chain</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short"><a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.77.1/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html#method.chain" title="method core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator::chain">Chain</a> zero or more iterators together into one sequence.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="macro" href="macro.iproduct.html" title="macro itertools::iproduct">iproduct</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Create an iterator over the “cartesian product” of iterators.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="macro" href="macro.izip.html" title="macro itertools::izip">izip</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Create an iterator running multiple iterators in lockstep.</div></li></ul><h2 id="enums" class="section-header">Enums<a href="#enums" class="anchor">§</a></h2><ul class="item-table"><li><div class="item-name"><a class="enum" href="enum.Diff.html" title="enum itertools::Diff">Diff</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">A type returned by the <a href="fn.diff_with.html" title="fn itertools::diff_with"><code>diff_with</code></a> function.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="enum" href="enum.Either.html" title="enum itertools::Either">Either</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">The enum <code>Either</code> with variants <code>Left</code> and <code>Right</code> is a general purpose
sum type with two cases.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="enum" href="enum.EitherOrBoth.html" title="enum itertools::EitherOrBoth">EitherOrBoth</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Value that either holds a single A or B, or both.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="enum" href="enum.FoldWhile.html" title="enum itertools::FoldWhile">FoldWhile</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">An enum used for controlling the execution of <code>fold_while</code>.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="enum" href="enum.MinMaxResult.html" title="enum itertools::MinMaxResult">MinMaxResult</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short"><code>MinMaxResult</code> is an enum returned by <code>minmax</code>.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="enum" href="enum.Position.html" title="enum itertools::Position">Position</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">The first component of the value yielded by <code>WithPosition</code>.
Indicates the position of this element in the iterator results.</div></li></ul><h2 id="traits" class="section-header">Traits<a href="#traits" class="anchor">§</a></h2><ul class="item-table"><li><div class="item-name"><a class="trait" href="trait.Itertools.html" title="trait itertools::Itertools">Itertools</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">An <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.77.1/core/iter/traits/iterator/trait.Iterator.html" title="trait core::iter::traits::iterator::Iterator"><code>Iterator</code></a> blanket implementation that provides extra adaptors and
methods.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="trait" href="trait.MultiUnzip.html" title="trait itertools::MultiUnzip">MultiUnzip</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">An iterator that can be unzipped into multiple collections.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="trait" href="trait.PeekingNext.html" title="trait itertools::PeekingNext">PeekingNext</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">An iterator that allows peeking at an element before deciding to accept it.</div></li></ul><h2 id="functions" class="section-header">Functions<a href="#functions" class="anchor">§</a></h2><ul class="item-table"><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.all.html" title="fn itertools::all">all</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Test whether the predicate holds for all elements in the iterable.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.any.html" title="fn itertools::any">any</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Test whether the predicate holds for any elements in the iterable.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.assert_equal.html" title="fn itertools::assert_equal">assert_equal</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Assert that two iterables produce equal sequences, with the same
semantics as <a href="fn.equal.html" title="fn itertools::equal"><code>equal(a, b)</code></a>.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.chain.html" title="fn itertools::chain">chain</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Takes two iterables and creates a new iterator over both in sequence.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.cloned.html" title="fn itertools::cloned">cloned</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Create an iterator that clones each element from &amp;T to T</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.concat.html" title="fn itertools::concat">concat</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Combine all an iterator’s elements into one element by using <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.77.1/core/iter/traits/collect/trait.Extend.html" title="trait core::iter::traits::collect::Extend"><code>Extend</code></a>.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.cons_tuples.html" title="fn itertools::cons_tuples">cons_tuples</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Create an iterator that maps for example iterators of
<code>((A, B), C)</code> to <code>(A, B, C)</code>.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.diff_with.html" title="fn itertools::diff_with">diff_with</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Compares every element yielded by both <code>i</code> and <code>j</code> with the given function in lock-step and
returns a <a href="enum.Diff.html" title="enum itertools::Diff"><code>Diff</code></a> which describes how <code>j</code> differs from <code>i</code>.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.enumerate.html" title="fn itertools::enumerate">enumerate</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Iterate <code>iterable</code> with a running index.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.equal.html" title="fn itertools::equal">equal</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Return <code>true</code> if both iterables produce equal sequences
(elements pairwise equal and sequences of the same length),
<code>false</code> otherwise.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.fold.html" title="fn itertools::fold">fold</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Perform a fold operation over the iterable.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.interleave.html" title="fn itertools::interleave">interleave</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Create an iterator that interleaves elements in <code>i</code> and <code>j</code>.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.intersperse.html" title="fn itertools::intersperse">intersperse</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Iterate <code>iterable</code> with a particular value inserted between each element.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.intersperse_with.html" title="fn itertools::intersperse_with">intersperse_with</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Iterate <code>iterable</code> with a particular value created by a function inserted
between each element.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.iterate.html" title="fn itertools::iterate">iterate</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Creates a new iterator that infinitely applies function to value and yields results.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.join.html" title="fn itertools::join">join</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Combine all iterator elements into one String, separated by <code>sep</code>.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.kmerge.html" title="fn itertools::kmerge">kmerge</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Create an iterator that merges elements of the contained iterators using
the ordering function.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.kmerge_by.html" title="fn itertools::kmerge_by">kmerge_by</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Create an iterator that merges elements of the contained iterators.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.max.html" title="fn itertools::max">max</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Return the maximum value of the iterable.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.merge.html" title="fn itertools::merge">merge</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Create an iterator that merges elements in <code>i</code> and <code>j</code>.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.merge_join_by.html" title="fn itertools::merge_join_by">merge_join_by</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Return an iterator adaptor that merge-joins items from the two base iterators in ascending order.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.min.html" title="fn itertools::min">min</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Return the minimum value of the iterable.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.multipeek.html" title="fn itertools::multipeek">multipeek</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">An iterator adaptor that allows the user to peek at multiple <code>.next()</code>
values without advancing the base iterator.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.multiunzip.html" title="fn itertools::multiunzip">multiunzip</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Converts an iterator of tuples into a tuple of containers.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.multizip.html" title="fn itertools::multizip">multizip</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">An iterator that generalizes <em>.zip()</em> and allows running multiple iterators in lockstep.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.partition.html" title="fn itertools::partition">partition</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Partition a sequence using predicate <code>pred</code> so that elements
that map to <code>true</code> are placed before elements which map to <code>false</code>.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.peek_nth.html" title="fn itertools::peek_nth">peek_nth</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">A drop-in replacement for <a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.77.1/core/iter/adapters/peekable/struct.Peekable.html" title="struct core::iter::adapters::peekable::Peekable"><code>std::iter::Peekable</code></a> which adds a <code>peek_nth</code>
method allowing the user to <code>peek</code> at a value several iterations forward
without advancing the base iterator.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.process_results.html" title="fn itertools::process_results">process_results</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">“Lift” a function of the values of an iterator so that it can process
an iterator of <code>Result</code> values instead.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.put_back.html" title="fn itertools::put_back">put_back</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Create an iterator where you can put back a single item</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.put_back_n.html" title="fn itertools::put_back_n">put_back_n</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Create an iterator where you can put back multiple values to the front
of the iteration.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.rciter.html" title="fn itertools::rciter">rciter</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Return an iterator inside a <code>Rc&lt;RefCell&lt;_&gt;&gt;</code> wrapper.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.repeat_call.html" title="fn itertools::repeat_call">repeat_call</a><span class="stab deprecated" title="">Deprecated</span></div><div class="desc docblock-short">An iterator source that produces elements indefinitely by calling
a given closure.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.repeat_n.html" title="fn itertools::repeat_n">repeat_n</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Create an iterator that produces <code>n</code> repetitions of <code>element</code>.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.rev.html" title="fn itertools::rev">rev</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Iterate <code>iterable</code> in reverse.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.sorted.html" title="fn itertools::sorted">sorted</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Sort all iterator elements into a new iterator in ascending order.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.sorted_unstable.html" title="fn itertools::sorted_unstable">sorted_unstable</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Sort all iterator elements into a new iterator in ascending order.
This sort is unstable (i.e., may reorder equal elements).
<a href="https://doc.rust-lang.org/1.77.1/core/iter/traits/collect/trait.IntoIterator.html" title="trait core::iter::traits::collect::IntoIterator"><code>IntoIterator</code></a> enabled version of <a href="trait.Itertools.html#method.sorted_unstable" title="method itertools::Itertools::sorted_unstable"><code>Itertools::sorted_unstable</code></a>.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.unfold.html" title="fn itertools::unfold">unfold</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Creates a new unfold source with the specified closure as the “iterator
function” and an initial state to eventually pass to the closure</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.zip.html" title="fn itertools::zip">zip</a><span class="stab deprecated" title="">Deprecated</span></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Converts the arguments to iterators and zips them.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="fn" href="fn.zip_eq.html" title="fn itertools::zip_eq">zip_eq</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Iterate <code>i</code> and <code>j</code> in lock step.</div></li></ul></section></div></main></body></html>
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