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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"><meta name="generator" content="rustdoc"><meta name="description" content="Parsing interface for parsing a token stream into a syntax tree node."><title>syn::parse - Rust</title><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/SourceSerif4-Regular-46f98efaafac5295.ttf.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/FiraSans-Regular-018c141bf0843ffd.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/FiraSans-Medium-8f9a781e4970d388.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/SourceCodePro-Regular-562dcc5011b6de7d.ttf.woff2"><link rel="preload" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin href="../../static.files/SourceCodePro-Semibold-d899c5a5c4aeb14a.ttf.woff2"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/normalize-76eba96aa4d2e634.css"><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/rustdoc-5bc39a1768837dd0.css"><meta name="rustdoc-vars" data-root-path="../../" data-static-root-path="../../static.files/" data-current-crate="syn" data-themes="" data-resource-suffix="" data-rustdoc-version="1.77.0 (aedd173a2 2024-03-17)" data-channel="1.77.0" data-search-js="search-dd67cee4cfa65049.js" data-settings-js="settings-4313503d2e1961c2.js" ><script src="../../static.files/storage-4c98445ec4002617.js"></script><script defer src="../sidebar-items.js"></script><script defer src="../../static.files/main-48f368f3872407c8.js"></script><noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="../../static.files/noscript-04d5337699b92874.css"></noscript><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../../static.files/favicon-16x16-8b506e7a72182f1c.png"><link rel="alternate icon" type="image/png" href="../../static.files/favicon-32x32-422f7d1d52889060.png"><link rel="icon" type="image/svg+xml" href="../../static.files/favicon-2c020d218678b618.svg"></head><body class="rustdoc mod"><!--[if lte IE 11]><div class="warning">This old browser is unsupported and will most likely display funky things.</div><![endif]--><nav class="mobile-topbar"><button class="sidebar-menu-toggle" title="show sidebar"></button></nav><nav class="sidebar"><div class="sidebar-crate"><h2><a href="../../syn/index.html">syn</a><span class="version">2.0.55</span></h2></div><h2 class="location"><a href="#">Module parse</a></h2><div class="sidebar-elems"><section><ul class="block"><li><a href="#modules">Modules</a></li><li><a href="#structs">Structs</a></li><li><a href="#traits">Traits</a></li><li><a href="#types">Type Aliases</a></li></ul></section><h2><a href="../index.html">In crate syn</a></h2></div></nav><div class="sidebar-resizer"></div>
<main><div class="width-limiter"><nav class="sub"><form class="search-form"><span></span><div id="sidebar-button" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../syn/all.html" title="show sidebar"></a></div><input class="search-input" name="search" aria-label="Run search in the documentation" autocomplete="off" spellcheck="false" placeholder="Click or press S to search, ? for more options…" type="search"><div id="help-button" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../help.html" title="help">?</a></div><div id="settings-menu" tabindex="-1"><a href="../../settings.html" title="settings"><img width="22" height="22" alt="Change settings" src="../../static.files/wheel-7b819b6101059cd0.svg"></a></div></form></nav><section id="main-content" class="content"><div class="main-heading"><h1>Module <a href="../index.html">syn</a>::<wbr><a class="mod" href="#">parse</a><button id="copy-path" title="Copy item path to clipboard"><img src="../../static.files/clipboard-7571035ce49a181d.svg" width="19" height="18" alt="Copy item path"></button></h1><span class="out-of-band"><a class="src" href="../../src/syn/parse.rs.html#1-1403">source</a> · <button id="toggle-all-docs" title="collapse all docs">[<span>&#x2212;</span>]</button></span></div><details class="toggle top-doc" open><summary class="hideme"><span>Expand description</span></summary><div class="docblock"><p>Parsing interface for parsing a token stream into a syntax tree node.</p>
<p>Parsing in Syn is built on parser functions that take in a <a href="type.ParseStream.html" title="type syn::parse::ParseStream"><code>ParseStream</code></a>
and produce a <a href="type.Result.html" title="type syn::parse::Result"><code>Result&lt;T&gt;</code></a> where <code>T</code> is some syntax tree node. Underlying
these parser functions is a lower level mechanism built around the
<a href="../buffer/struct.Cursor.html" title="struct syn::buffer::Cursor"><code>Cursor</code></a> type. <code>Cursor</code> is a cheaply copyable cursor over a range of
tokens in a token stream.</p>
<h2 id="example"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#example">§</a>Example</h2>
<p>Here is a snippet of parsing code to get a feel for the style of the
library. We define data structures for a subset of Rust syntax including
enums (not shown) and structs, then provide implementations of the <a href="trait.Parse.html" title="trait syn::parse::Parse"><code>Parse</code></a>
trait to parse these syntax tree data structures from a token stream.</p>
<p>Once <code>Parse</code> impls have been defined, they can be called conveniently from a
procedural macro through <a href="../macro.parse_macro_input.html" title="macro syn::parse_macro_input"><code>parse_macro_input!</code></a> as shown at the bottom of
the snippet. If the caller provides syntactically invalid input to the
procedural macro, they will receive a helpful compiler error message
pointing out the exact token that triggered the failure to parse.</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>proc_macro::TokenStream;
<span class="kw">use </span>syn::{braced, parse_macro_input, token, Field, Ident, <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span>, Token};
<span class="kw">use </span>syn::parse::{Parse, ParseStream};
<span class="kw">use </span>syn::punctuated::Punctuated;
<span class="kw">enum </span>Item {
Struct(ItemStruct),
Enum(ItemEnum),
}
<span class="kw">struct </span>ItemStruct {
struct_token: <span class="macro">Token!</span>[<span class="kw">struct</span>],
ident: Ident,
brace_token: token::Brace,
fields: Punctuated&lt;Field, <span class="macro">Token!</span>[,]&gt;,
}
<span class="kw">impl </span>Parse <span class="kw">for </span>Item {
<span class="kw">fn </span>parse(input: ParseStream) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span>&lt;<span class="self">Self</span>&gt; {
<span class="kw">let </span>lookahead = input.lookahead1();
<span class="kw">if </span>lookahead.peek(<span class="macro">Token!</span>[<span class="kw">struct</span>]) {
input.parse().map(Item::Struct)
} <span class="kw">else if </span>lookahead.peek(<span class="macro">Token!</span>[<span class="kw">enum</span>]) {
input.parse().map(Item::Enum)
} <span class="kw">else </span>{
<span class="prelude-val">Err</span>(lookahead.error())
}
}
}
<span class="kw">impl </span>Parse <span class="kw">for </span>ItemStruct {
<span class="kw">fn </span>parse(input: ParseStream) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span>&lt;<span class="self">Self</span>&gt; {
<span class="kw">let </span>content;
<span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(ItemStruct {
struct_token: input.parse()<span class="question-mark">?</span>,
ident: input.parse()<span class="question-mark">?</span>,
brace_token: <span class="macro">braced!</span>(content <span class="kw">in </span>input),
fields: content.parse_terminated(Field::parse_named, <span class="macro">Token!</span>[,])<span class="question-mark">?</span>,
})
}
}
<span class="attr">#[proc_macro]
</span><span class="kw">pub fn </span>my_macro(tokens: TokenStream) -&gt; TokenStream {
<span class="kw">let </span>input = <span class="macro">parse_macro_input!</span>(tokens <span class="kw">as </span>Item);
<span class="comment">/* ... */
</span>}</code></pre></div>
<h2 id="the-synparse-functions"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#the-synparse-functions">§</a>The <code>syn::parse*</code> functions</h2>
<p>The <a href="../fn.parse.html" title="fn syn::parse"><code>syn::parse</code></a>, <a href="../fn.parse2.html" title="fn syn::parse2"><code>syn::parse2</code></a>, and <a href="../fn.parse_str.html" title="fn syn::parse_str"><code>syn::parse_str</code></a> functions serve
as an entry point for parsing syntax tree nodes that can be parsed in an
obvious default way. These functions can return any syntax tree node that
implements the <a href="trait.Parse.html" title="trait syn::parse::Parse"><code>Parse</code></a> trait, which includes most types in Syn.</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>syn::Type;
<span class="kw">let </span>t: Type = syn::parse_str(<span class="string">"std::collections::HashMap&lt;String, Value&gt;"</span>)<span class="question-mark">?</span>;</code></pre></div>
<p>The <a href="../macro.parse_quote.html" title="macro syn::parse_quote"><code>parse_quote!</code></a> macro also uses this approach.</p>
<h2 id="the-parser-trait"><a class="doc-anchor" href="#the-parser-trait">§</a>The <code>Parser</code> trait</h2>
<p>Some types can be parsed in several ways depending on context. For example
an <a href="../struct.Attribute.html" title="struct syn::Attribute"><code>Attribute</code></a> can be either “outer” like <code>#[...]</code> or “inner” like
<code>#![...]</code> and parsing the wrong one would be a bug. Similarly <a href="../punctuated/index.html" title="mod syn::punctuated"><code>Punctuated</code></a>
may or may not allow trailing punctuation, and parsing it the wrong way
would either reject valid input or accept invalid input.</p>
<p>The <code>Parse</code> trait is not implemented in these cases because there is no good
behavior to consider the default.</p>
<div class="example-wrap compile_fail"><a href="#" class="tooltip" title="This example deliberately fails to compile"></a><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="comment">// Can't parse `Punctuated` without knowing whether trailing punctuation
// should be allowed in this context.
</span><span class="kw">let </span>path: Punctuated&lt;PathSegment, <span class="macro">Token!</span>[::]&gt; = syn::parse(tokens)<span class="question-mark">?</span>;</code></pre></div>
<p>In these cases the types provide a choice of parser functions rather than a
single <code>Parse</code> implementation, and those parser functions can be invoked
through the <a href="trait.Parser.html" title="trait syn::parse::Parser"><code>Parser</code></a> trait.</p>
<div class="example-wrap"><pre class="rust rust-example-rendered"><code><span class="kw">use </span>proc_macro::TokenStream;
<span class="kw">use </span>syn::parse::Parser;
<span class="kw">use </span>syn::punctuated::Punctuated;
<span class="kw">use </span>syn::{Attribute, Expr, PathSegment, <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span>, Token};
<span class="kw">fn </span>call_some_parser_methods(input: TokenStream) -&gt; <span class="prelude-ty">Result</span>&lt;()&gt; {
<span class="comment">// Parse a nonempty sequence of path segments separated by `::` punctuation
// with no trailing punctuation.
</span><span class="kw">let </span>tokens = input.clone();
<span class="kw">let </span>parser = Punctuated::&lt;PathSegment, <span class="macro">Token!</span>[::]&gt;::parse_separated_nonempty;
<span class="kw">let </span>_path = parser.parse(tokens)<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
<span class="comment">// Parse a possibly empty sequence of expressions terminated by commas with
// an optional trailing punctuation.
</span><span class="kw">let </span>tokens = input.clone();
<span class="kw">let </span>parser = Punctuated::&lt;Expr, <span class="macro">Token!</span>[,]&gt;::parse_terminated;
<span class="kw">let </span>_args = parser.parse(tokens)<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
<span class="comment">// Parse zero or more outer attributes but not inner attributes.
</span><span class="kw">let </span>tokens = input.clone();
<span class="kw">let </span>parser = Attribute::parse_outer;
<span class="kw">let </span>_attrs = parser.parse(tokens)<span class="question-mark">?</span>;
<span class="prelude-val">Ok</span>(())
}</code></pre></div>
</div></details><h2 id="modules" class="section-header">Modules<a href="#modules" class="anchor">§</a></h2><ul class="item-table"><li><div class="item-name"><a class="mod" href="discouraged/index.html" title="mod syn::parse::discouraged">discouraged</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Extensions to the parsing API with niche applicability.</div></li></ul><h2 id="structs" class="section-header">Structs<a href="#structs" class="anchor">§</a></h2><ul class="item-table"><li><div class="item-name"><a class="struct" href="struct.Error.html" title="struct syn::parse::Error">Error</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Error returned when a Syn parser cannot parse the input tokens.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="struct" href="struct.Lookahead1.html" title="struct syn::parse::Lookahead1">Lookahead1</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Support for checking the next token in a stream to decide how to parse.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="struct" href="struct.Nothing.html" title="struct syn::parse::Nothing">Nothing</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">An empty syntax tree node that consumes no tokens when parsed.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="struct" href="struct.ParseBuffer.html" title="struct syn::parse::ParseBuffer">ParseBuffer</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Cursor position within a buffered token stream.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="struct" href="struct.StepCursor.html" title="struct syn::parse::StepCursor">StepCursor</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Cursor state associated with speculative parsing.</div></li></ul><h2 id="traits" class="section-header">Traits<a href="#traits" class="anchor">§</a></h2><ul class="item-table"><li><div class="item-name"><a class="trait" href="trait.Parse.html" title="trait syn::parse::Parse">Parse</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Parsing interface implemented by all types that can be parsed in a default
way from a token stream.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="trait" href="trait.Parser.html" title="trait syn::parse::Parser">Parser</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Parser that can parse Rust tokens into a particular syntax tree node.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="trait" href="trait.Peek.html" title="trait syn::parse::Peek">Peek</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Types that can be parsed by looking at just one token.</div></li></ul><h2 id="types" class="section-header">Type Aliases<a href="#types" class="anchor">§</a></h2><ul class="item-table"><li><div class="item-name"><a class="type" href="type.ParseStream.html" title="type syn::parse::ParseStream">ParseStream</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">Input to a Syn parser function.</div></li><li><div class="item-name"><a class="type" href="type.Result.html" title="type syn::parse::Result">Result</a></div><div class="desc docblock-short">The result of a Syn parser.</div></li></ul></section></div></main></body></html>