use std::cmp::Ordering;
use std::fmt;
use std::iter::{Fuse, FusedIterator};
use std::marker::PhantomData;

use either::Either;

use super::adaptors::{put_back, PutBack};
use crate::either_or_both::EitherOrBoth;
use crate::size_hint::{self, SizeHint};
#[cfg(doc)]
use crate::Itertools;

#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct MergeLte;

/// An iterator adaptor that merges the two base iterators in ascending order.
/// If both base iterators are sorted (ascending), the result is sorted.
///
/// Iterator element type is `I::Item`.
///
/// See [`.merge()`](crate::Itertools::merge_by) for more information.
pub type Merge<I, J> = MergeBy<I, J, MergeLte>;

/// Create an iterator that merges elements in `i` and `j`.
///
/// [`IntoIterator`] enabled version of [`Itertools::merge`](crate::Itertools::merge).
///
/// ```
/// use itertools::merge;
///
/// for elt in merge(&[1, 2, 3], &[2, 3, 4]) {
///     /* loop body */
/// }
/// ```
pub fn merge<I, J>(
    i: I,
    j: J,
) -> Merge<<I as IntoIterator>::IntoIter, <J as IntoIterator>::IntoIter>
where
    I: IntoIterator,
    J: IntoIterator<Item = I::Item>,
    I::Item: PartialOrd,
{
    merge_by_new(i, j, MergeLte)
}

/// An iterator adaptor that merges the two base iterators in ascending order.
/// If both base iterators are sorted (ascending), the result is sorted.
///
/// Iterator element type is `I::Item`.
///
/// See [`.merge_by()`](crate::Itertools::merge_by) for more information.
#[must_use = "iterator adaptors are lazy and do nothing unless consumed"]
pub struct MergeBy<I: Iterator, J: Iterator, F> {
    left: PutBack<Fuse<I>>,
    right: PutBack<Fuse<J>>,
    cmp_fn: F,
}

/// Create a `MergeBy` iterator.
pub fn merge_by_new<I, J, F>(a: I, b: J, cmp: F) -> MergeBy<I::IntoIter, J::IntoIter, F>
where
    I: IntoIterator,
    J: IntoIterator<Item = I::Item>,
{
    MergeBy {
        left: put_back(a.into_iter().fuse()),
        right: put_back(b.into_iter().fuse()),
        cmp_fn: cmp,
    }
}

/// Return an iterator adaptor that merge-joins items from the two base iterators in ascending order.
///
/// [`IntoIterator`] enabled version of [`Itertools::merge_join_by`].
pub fn merge_join_by<I, J, F, T>(
    left: I,
    right: J,
    cmp_fn: F,
) -> MergeJoinBy<I::IntoIter, J::IntoIter, F>
where
    I: IntoIterator,
    J: IntoIterator,
    F: FnMut(&I::Item, &J::Item) -> T,
{
    MergeBy {
        left: put_back(left.into_iter().fuse()),
        right: put_back(right.into_iter().fuse()),
        cmp_fn: MergeFuncLR(cmp_fn, PhantomData),
    }
}

/// An iterator adaptor that merge-joins items from the two base iterators in ascending order.
///
/// See [`.merge_join_by()`](crate::Itertools::merge_join_by) for more information.
pub type MergeJoinBy<I, J, F> =
    MergeBy<I, J, MergeFuncLR<F, <F as FuncLR<<I as Iterator>::Item, <J as Iterator>::Item>>::T>>;

#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
pub struct MergeFuncLR<F, T>(F, PhantomData<T>);

pub trait FuncLR<L, R> {
    type T;
}

impl<L, R, T, F: FnMut(&L, &R) -> T> FuncLR<L, R> for F {
    type T = T;
}

pub trait OrderingOrBool<L, R> {
    type MergeResult;
    fn left(left: L) -> Self::MergeResult;
    fn right(right: R) -> Self::MergeResult;
    // "merge" never returns (Some(...), Some(...), ...) so Option<Either<I::Item, J::Item>>
    // is appealing but it is always followed by two put_backs, so we think the compiler is
    // smart enough to optimize it. Or we could move put_backs into "merge".
    fn merge(&mut self, left: L, right: R) -> (Option<Either<L, R>>, Self::MergeResult);
    fn size_hint(left: SizeHint, right: SizeHint) -> SizeHint;
}

impl<L, R, F: FnMut(&L, &R) -> Ordering> OrderingOrBool<L, R> for MergeFuncLR<F, Ordering> {
    type MergeResult = EitherOrBoth<L, R>;
    fn left(left: L) -> Self::MergeResult {
        EitherOrBoth::Left(left)
    }
    fn right(right: R) -> Self::MergeResult {
        EitherOrBoth::Right(right)
    }
    fn merge(&mut self, left: L, right: R) -> (Option<Either<L, R>>, Self::MergeResult) {
        match self.0(&left, &right) {
            Ordering::Equal => (None, EitherOrBoth::Both(left, right)),
            Ordering::Less => (Some(Either::Right(right)), EitherOrBoth::Left(left)),
            Ordering::Greater => (Some(Either::Left(left)), EitherOrBoth::Right(right)),
        }
    }
    fn size_hint(left: SizeHint, right: SizeHint) -> SizeHint {
        let (a_lower, a_upper) = left;
        let (b_lower, b_upper) = right;
        let lower = ::std::cmp::max(a_lower, b_lower);
        let upper = match (a_upper, b_upper) {
            (Some(x), Some(y)) => x.checked_add(y),
            _ => None,
        };
        (lower, upper)
    }
}

impl<L, R, F: FnMut(&L, &R) -> bool> OrderingOrBool<L, R> for MergeFuncLR<F, bool> {
    type MergeResult = Either<L, R>;
    fn left(left: L) -> Self::MergeResult {
        Either::Left(left)
    }
    fn right(right: R) -> Self::MergeResult {
        Either::Right(right)
    }
    fn merge(&mut self, left: L, right: R) -> (Option<Either<L, R>>, Self::MergeResult) {
        if self.0(&left, &right) {
            (Some(Either::Right(right)), Either::Left(left))
        } else {
            (Some(Either::Left(left)), Either::Right(right))
        }
    }
    fn size_hint(left: SizeHint, right: SizeHint) -> SizeHint {
        // Not ExactSizeIterator because size may be larger than usize
        size_hint::add(left, right)
    }
}

impl<T, F: FnMut(&T, &T) -> bool> OrderingOrBool<T, T> for F {
    type MergeResult = T;
    fn left(left: T) -> Self::MergeResult {
        left
    }
    fn right(right: T) -> Self::MergeResult {
        right
    }
    fn merge(&mut self, left: T, right: T) -> (Option<Either<T, T>>, Self::MergeResult) {
        if self(&left, &right) {
            (Some(Either::Right(right)), left)
        } else {
            (Some(Either::Left(left)), right)
        }
    }
    fn size_hint(left: SizeHint, right: SizeHint) -> SizeHint {
        // Not ExactSizeIterator because size may be larger than usize
        size_hint::add(left, right)
    }
}

impl<T: PartialOrd> OrderingOrBool<T, T> for MergeLte {
    type MergeResult = T;
    fn left(left: T) -> Self::MergeResult {
        left
    }
    fn right(right: T) -> Self::MergeResult {
        right
    }
    fn merge(&mut self, left: T, right: T) -> (Option<Either<T, T>>, Self::MergeResult) {
        if left <= right {
            (Some(Either::Right(right)), left)
        } else {
            (Some(Either::Left(left)), right)
        }
    }
    fn size_hint(left: SizeHint, right: SizeHint) -> SizeHint {
        // Not ExactSizeIterator because size may be larger than usize
        size_hint::add(left, right)
    }
}

impl<I, J, F> Clone for MergeBy<I, J, F>
where
    I: Iterator,
    J: Iterator,
    PutBack<Fuse<I>>: Clone,
    PutBack<Fuse<J>>: Clone,
    F: Clone,
{
    clone_fields!(left, right, cmp_fn);
}

impl<I, J, F> fmt::Debug for MergeBy<I, J, F>
where
    I: Iterator + fmt::Debug,
    I::Item: fmt::Debug,
    J: Iterator + fmt::Debug,
    J::Item: fmt::Debug,
{
    debug_fmt_fields!(MergeBy, left, right);
}

impl<I, J, F> Iterator for MergeBy<I, J, F>
where
    I: Iterator,
    J: Iterator,
    F: OrderingOrBool<I::Item, J::Item>,
{
    type Item = F::MergeResult;

    fn next(&mut self) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        match (self.left.next(), self.right.next()) {
            (None, None) => None,
            (Some(left), None) => Some(F::left(left)),
            (None, Some(right)) => Some(F::right(right)),
            (Some(left), Some(right)) => {
                let (not_next, next) = self.cmp_fn.merge(left, right);
                match not_next {
                    Some(Either::Left(l)) => {
                        self.left.put_back(l);
                    }
                    Some(Either::Right(r)) => {
                        self.right.put_back(r);
                    }
                    None => (),
                }

                Some(next)
            }
        }
    }

    fn fold<B, G>(mut self, init: B, mut f: G) -> B
    where
        Self: Sized,
        G: FnMut(B, Self::Item) -> B,
    {
        let mut acc = init;
        let mut left = self.left.next();
        let mut right = self.right.next();

        loop {
            match (left, right) {
                (Some(l), Some(r)) => match self.cmp_fn.merge(l, r) {
                    (Some(Either::Right(r)), x) => {
                        acc = f(acc, x);
                        left = self.left.next();
                        right = Some(r);
                    }
                    (Some(Either::Left(l)), x) => {
                        acc = f(acc, x);
                        left = Some(l);
                        right = self.right.next();
                    }
                    (None, x) => {
                        acc = f(acc, x);
                        left = self.left.next();
                        right = self.right.next();
                    }
                },
                (Some(l), None) => {
                    self.left.put_back(l);
                    acc = self.left.fold(acc, |acc, x| f(acc, F::left(x)));
                    break;
                }
                (None, Some(r)) => {
                    self.right.put_back(r);
                    acc = self.right.fold(acc, |acc, x| f(acc, F::right(x)));
                    break;
                }
                (None, None) => {
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        acc
    }

    fn size_hint(&self) -> SizeHint {
        F::size_hint(self.left.size_hint(), self.right.size_hint())
    }

    fn nth(&mut self, mut n: usize) -> Option<Self::Item> {
        loop {
            if n == 0 {
                break self.next();
            }
            n -= 1;
            match (self.left.next(), self.right.next()) {
                (None, None) => break None,
                (Some(_left), None) => break self.left.nth(n).map(F::left),
                (None, Some(_right)) => break self.right.nth(n).map(F::right),
                (Some(left), Some(right)) => {
                    let (not_next, _) = self.cmp_fn.merge(left, right);
                    match not_next {
                        Some(Either::Left(l)) => {
                            self.left.put_back(l);
                        }
                        Some(Either::Right(r)) => {
                            self.right.put_back(r);
                        }
                        None => (),
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

impl<I, J, F> FusedIterator for MergeBy<I, J, F>
where
    I: Iterator,
    J: Iterator,
    F: OrderingOrBool<I::Item, J::Item>,
{
}